Guides And Notes For Medical Students. Y Bejot reports honoraria for lectures from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Servier, Medtronic, and Amgen, outside the submitted work. The book has over 1453 pages which include wide variety of diagrams, tables, flowcharts, simplified superb text and explanations. F Carvalho and E F Fernandes acknowledge support from the University of Porto (UID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds). USA. Our estimates can be used to plan for increases in the anticipated resources and support that will be needed by individuals with dementia and their caregivers in the future. First, GBD 2019 incorporated an additional 104076 new cancer-, location-, and year-specific sources of data compared with GBD 2017 (eTable 1 in the Supplement). Admin-October 9, 2020 0. The GBD cancer mortality and YLL estimation process included 2 primary steps (eFigure 2 in the Supplement), beginning with the estimation of cancer MIRs, which provide an association between mortality and incidence estimation, maximizing data availability. Annualized rate of change from 2010 to 2019 represents the mean percentage change per year during this period. Cancers are ordered by rank in 2019, with lines connecting to their rank in 2010. F, Jemal To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. This information might be helpful for public health planning efforts, particularly as they relate to scaling up the availability of resources required to meet the needs of individuals with dementia and their caregivers. Delays and barriers to cancer care in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Covariates selected for CODEm for each GBD cancer group and expected direction of covariate, eTable 8. S K Banerjee acknowledges the Walden University Social Change Grant. et al; Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Check latest, 2nd W. There were several geographic locations where estimates were not available (eg, Western Sahara and French Guiana), as they were not modeled locations in the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. Assessing these associations will be critical for future work on cancer burden, as the ongoing pandemic is likely to delay progress in efforts to reduce health loss from cancer globally through delays and reductions in screening, diagnosis, and treatment.8-12. NM, Drs Murray and Force are cosenior authors. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Kocarnik, Dean, Fu, Gaw, Harvey, Henrikson, Lu, Pennini, Xu, Abbasi-Kangevari, Abd-Elsalam, Abdoli, Abedi, Abidi, Abolhassani, Adedeji, Adnani, Advani, Afzal, Aghaali, Ahinkorah, S. Ahmad, T. Ahmad, A. Ahmadi, S. Ahmadi, Ahmed Rashid, Ahmed Salih, Akalu, Aklilu, Akram, Akunna, Al Hamad, Alahdab, Al-Aly, Ali, Alimohamadi, Alipour, Aljunid, Alkhayyat, Almasi-Hashiani, Almasri, Al-Maweri, Almustanyir, Alonso, Alvis-Guzman, Amu, Anbesu, Ancuceanu, Ansari, Ansari-Moghaddam, Antwi, Anvari, Aqeel, Arabloo, Aremu, Ariffin, Aripov, Arshad, Artaman, Arulappan, Asemi, Asghari Jafarabadi, Ashraf, Atorkey, Aujayeb, Ausloos, Awedew, Ayala Quintanilla, Ayenew, Azab, Azadnajafabad, Azari Jafari, Azarian, Azzam, Badiye, Bahadory, Baig, Baker, Balakrishnan, Banach, Barone-Adesi, Barra, Barrow, Belgaumi, Bezabhe, Bezabih, Bhagat, Bhagavathula, N. Bhardwaj, P. Bhardwaj, Bhaskar, Bhattacharyya, Bhojaraja, Bibi, Bijani, Biondi, Bjrge, Bleyer, Blyuss, Bolarinwa, Bolla, Braithwaite, Brar, Brenner, Bustamante-Teixeira, N. Butt, Z. However, our study does have similar limitations to other GBD studies. S Das Manual of Clinical Surgery textbook 9th edition free download in PDF format for fourth year MBBS Students. All the participants were of Malaysian origin with an average age group being 19 years (ranging from 1820 yrs). Declines in dementia prevalence due to GBD risk factors in high-income Asia Pacific stem from expected declines in risk factor prevalence in this region. World cancer report: cancer research for cancer prevention. Cancer control: a global snapshot in 2015: summary of results from the 2015 WHO NCD Country Capacity Survey. The other noncommunicable diseases include congenital birth defects; urinary diseases and male infertility; gynecological diseases; hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic anemias; endocrine, metabolic, blood, and immune disorders; oral disorders; and sudden infant death syndrome. H, Ferlay In 2019, there were 1.09 million (95% UI, 1.00-1.15 million) deaths due to CRC and 2.17 million (95% UI, 2.00-2.34 million) incident CRC cases (Table 1). Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License. Next, YLDs were estimated by combining prevalence estimates with disability weights associated with various phases of cancer survival. Dr Gupta reports grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia outside the submitted work. V, Peek The ninth edition of S Das also features special investigations and differential diagnosis that help students test themselves even more. . Corresponding Author: Jonathan M. Kocarnik, PhD, MPH, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Population Health Building/Hans Rosling Center, University of Washington, Box #351615, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 (kocarnik@uw.edu). image, Global Health Data Exchange GBD 2019 website, Download .pdf (1.25 M Kivimki reports support for the present manuscript from the MRC (S011676) and the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z) as a grant paid to their institution. Compared with GBD level 2 groups of diseases and injuries, cancer was the leading cause of YLLs and DALYs in the high SDI quintile and was the leading or second leading cause of deaths by age-standardized rate or absolute number, respectively. Manipal is a book for Surgery in 4th year of MBBS and is widely used among medical students and doctors. In the Caribbean, its our leading cause of cancer deaths in males. Download. Dr Zhu reported grants from the UTHealth Innovation for Cancer Prevention Research Training Program Predoctoral Fellowship. In the high-middle SDI quintile, there were 63.5 million (95% UI, 58.6-68.2 million) DALYs estimated to be caused by cancer, of which 96.7% (95% UI, 95.7%-97.6%) were from YLLs and 3.3% (95% UI, 2.4%-4.3%) from YLDs. Fear was the major trigger for reconsidering the decision to undergo surgery, with 29% and 13.2% of patients in groups I and II, respectively, considering abandoning the operation (P = All Copyrights Reserved MedicForYou. Additional Information: Information about individual author contributions to the research is detailed in the eAppendix in the Supplement. C, Barber Dr Filip reported financial support from Avicenna Medical and Clinical Research Institute. JT, Robertson Surveillance for work-related skull fractures in Michigan. Bailey and Love Surgery PDF Book. Socio-demographic Index groupings by geography, based on 2019 values, eTable 3. S Das or Somen Das has beautifully illustrated the book with practical guide and surgical short cases while simultaneously enlightening the texts. World Alzheimer report 2015. Furthermore, in some locations, patients might delay or be unable to seek health care for a fracture, leading to under-reporting. The Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration Authors: The following investigators take authorship responsibility for the study results: Jonathan M. Kocarnik, PhD; Kelly Compton, BS; Frances E. Dean, BA; Weijia Fu, MSc; Brian L. Gaw, MLIS; James D. Harvey, BS; Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson, BA; Dan Lu, MEd; Alyssa Pennini, MSc; Rixing Xu, BS; Emad Ababneh, MD; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, MD; Hedayat Abbastabar, PhD; Sherief M. Abd-Elsalam, MD; Amir Abdoli, PhD; Aidin Abedi, MD; Hassan Abidi, PhD; Hassan Abolhassani, PhD; Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, PhD; Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, PhD; Shailesh M. Advani, MD, PhD; Muhammad Sohail Afzal, PhD; Mohammad Aghaali, PhD; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, MPH; Sajjad Ahmad, PhD; Tauseef Ahmad, MS; Ali Ahmadi, MS; Sepideh Ahmadi, PhD; Tarik Ahmed Rashid, PhD; Yusra Ahmed Salih, PhD; Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, MSc, PhD; Addis Aklilu, MSc; Tayyaba Akram, PhD; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, DMD; Hanadi Al Hamad, MD; Fares Alahdab, MSc; Ziyad Al-Aly, MD; Saqib Ali, PhD; Yousef Alimohamadi, PhD; Vahid Alipour, PhD; Syed Mohamed Aljunid, PhD; Motasem Alkhayyat, MD; Amir Almasi-Hashiani, PhD; Nihad A. Almasri, PhD; Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri, PhD; Sami Almustanyir, MD; Nivaldo Alonso, MD; Nelson Alvis-Guzman, PhD; Hubert Amu, PhD; Etsay Woldu Anbesu, MPH; Robert Ancuceanu, PhD; Fereshteh Ansari, PhD; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, PhD; Maxwell Hubert Antwi, MPhil; Davood Anvari, PhD; Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, PhD; Muhammad Aqeel, PhD; Jalal Arabloo, PhD; Morteza Arab-Zozani, PhD; Olatunde Aremu, PhD; Hany Ariffin, MD; Timur Aripov, PhD; Muhammad Arshad, PhD; Al Artaman, MD, PhD, MHA; Judie Arulappan, DSc; Zatollah Asemi, PhD; Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, PhD; Tahira Ashraf, MS; Prince Atorkey, MPhil; Avinash Aujayeb, MBBS; Marcel Ausloos, PhD; Atalel Fentahun Awedew, MD; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, PhD; Temesgen Ayenew, MSc; Mohammed A. Azab, MD; Sina Azadnajafabad, MD, MPH; Amirhossein Azari Jafari, MD; Ghasem Azarian, PhD; Ahmed Y. Azzam, MBBCh; Ashish D. Badiye, PhD, MSc; Saeed Bahadory, PhD; Atif Amin Baig, PhD; Jennifer L. Baker, PhD; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan, PhD; Maciej Banach, PhD; Till Winfried Brnighausen, MD; Francesco Barone-Adesi, PhD; Fabio Barra, MD; Amadou Barrow, MPH; Masoud Behzadifar, PhD; Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, MD; Woldesellassie M. Mequanint Bezabhe, BPharm, MSc, PhD; Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, MD; Devidas S. Bhagat, PhD; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, PharmD; Nikha Bhardwaj, MD; Pankaj Bhardwaj, MD; Sonu Bhaskar, MD, PhD; Krittika Bhattacharyya, MSc; Vijayalakshmi S. Bhojaraja, MD; Sadia Bibi, PhD; Ali Bijani, PhD; Antonio Biondi, PhD; Catherine Bisignano, MPH; Tone Bjrge, PhD; Archie Bleyer, MD; Oleg Blyuss, PhD; Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, MSc; Srinivasa Rao Bolla, PhD; Dejana Braithwaite, PhD; Amanpreet Brar, MD; Hermann Brenner, MD; Maria Teresa Bustamante-Teixeira, PhD; Nadeem Shafique Butt, PhD; Zahid A. Dr Guha reports grants from the the American Heart Association. The increases attributable to GBD risk factors in most regions included the effects of increases in BMI and fasting plasma glucose, as well as less clear trends in smoking. B. Khan); Primary Care Department, NHS North West London, London, England (M. A. Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37513025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. Dr Radfar reported financial support from Avicenna Medical and the Clinical Research Institute. We predicted that population ageing and population growth will drive enormous increases in the number of individuals affected by dementia both regionally and globally. R. C Brayne reports support for the present manuscript from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), Alzheimer's Research UK, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Medical Research Council (MRC), Alzheimer's Society, East Anglia Regional Health Authority Public Health and Operational Research Advisory Council, Regional Health Authority (as research grants from 1990 to date for the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies), paid to their institution; honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Data Monitoring Committee and AXA Research Fund Scientific Board, paid to their institution, and from the Department of Biotechnology and Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellowship Selection Committee, as a personal payment; support for attending meetings and travel from NIA HRS Data Monitoring Committee, Department of Biotechnology and Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellowship Selection Committee, Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Scientific Advisory Board, Alzheimer's Society Research Strategy Council, BRAIN & HEADING International Oversight Committee, The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA) Scientific Advisory Board, ATHLOS Advisory Board, Barcelona Brain Health Initiative Scientific Advisory Board, DZNE International Scientific Review Panel (Humboldt), Faculty of Public Health Academic & Research Committee, and Faculty of Public Health Board; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board with NIA HRS Data Monitoring Committee, AXA Research Fund Scientific Board, Department of Biotechnology and Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellows, Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Scientific Advisory Board, Alzheimer's Society Research Strategy Council, BRAIN & HEADING International Oversight Committee, TILDA Scientific Advisory Board, Chinese University of Hong Kong Project Advisory Board, University of Sheffield Health Lifespan Institute Advisory Board, ATHLOS Advisory Board, Barcelona Brain Health Initiative Scientific Advisory Board, DZNE International Scientific Review Panel (Humboldt), Scientific Advisory Board for UKPRP Air Pollution and Cognitive Health Consortium, and InSPIRE; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid, with Faculty of Public Health Academic & Research Committee as Chair, Faculty of Public Health Board as a trustee, Public Health EnglandUniversity of Cambridge Academic Liaison Committee meeting as Chair, and East of England Public Health England Research and Evaluation Hub as co-Chair; all outside the submitted work. These procedure-related prevalence estimates were modeled in the Bayesian meta-regression tool DisMod-MR, version 2.1,20 using medical records data on the proportion of patients with cancer who underwent these procedures and the estimated number of 10-year survivors (eAppendix in the Supplement). GA, Johnson Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 Study. N Ghith acknowledges her salary as a postdoc is covered by a grant to her research group provided by Novo Nordisk Foundation. Suggestions to those who are looking forward to establishing an understanding in Surgery are as follows: Clinical History Taking and Examination Guide, Cough Clinical History Questions to ask Patients, Anemia: The Clinical Approach you never knew. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer deaths due to delays in diagnosis in England, UK: a national, population-based, modelling study. The UN high-level meeting on universal health coverage. S, Guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting: the GATHER statement. Liver cancer was estimated to cause 12.5 million (95% UI, 11.4-13.7 million) DALYs in 2019; of these, 99.0% (95% UI, 98.6%-99.3%) came from YLLs and 1.0% (95% UI, 0.7%-1.4%) from YLDs (eTable 14 and eFigure 4 in the Supplement). Bray Trends in mortality globally, and by SDI quintile, both sexes, 2010 to 2019, eTable 18. Screening for cancer in low- and middle-income countries. C, Abate Dr Corts reports research support from the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (Agencia Nacional de Investigacin y Desarrollo Chile. Global counts of cancer-specific incidence and deaths in 2019, overall and by sex, eFigure 15. Dr Driscoll reports expert testimony in 2019 and board membership with the Expert Advisory Group of the Australian Mesothelioma Registry outside the submitted work. Mixed brain pathologies account for most dementia cases in community-dwelling older persons. D, Abbasi Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. J, Pourmalek Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Kocarnik, Dean, Fu, Gaw, Harvey, Henrikson, Ababneh, Abbasi-Kangevari, Abbastabar, Abd-Elsalam, Abdoli, Abedi, Abidi, Abolhassani, Adedeji, Adnani, Advani, Afzal, Aghaali, Ahinkorah, S. Ahmad, T. Ahmad, A. Ahmadi, Ahmed Salih, Akalu, Aklilu, Akram, Akunna, Al Hamad, Alahdab, Al-Aly, Ali, Alimohamadi, Alipour, Aljunid, Alkhayyat, Almasi-Hashiani, Almasri, Al-Maweri, Almustanyir, Alonso, Alvis-Guzman, Amu, Anbesu, Ancuceanu, Ansari-Moghaddam, Antwi, Anvari, Anyasodor, Aqeel, Arabloo, Arab-Zozani, Aremu, Ariffin, Aripov, Arshad, Artaman, Arulappan, Asemi, Asghari Jafarabadi, Ashraf, Atorkey, Aujayeb, Ausloos, Awedew, Ayala Quintanilla, Ayenew, Azadnajafabad, Azari Jafari, Azarian, Azzam, Badiye, Bahadory, Baig, Baker, Balakrishnan, Banach, Brnighausen, Barone-Adesi, Barra, Barrow, Behzadifar, Belachew, Belgaumi, Bezabhe, Bezabih, Bhagat, Bhagavathula, N. Bhardwaj, P. Bhardwaj, Bhaskar, Bhattacharyya, Bhojaraja, Bibi, Bijani, Biondi, Bisignano, Bjrge, Bleyer, Blyuss, Bolarinwa, Bolla, Braithwaite, Brar, Brenner, Bustamante-Teixeira, N. Butt, Z. By contrast, we found that country-level projected changes in age-specific or age-standardised dementia prevalence attributable to changes over time in risk factor prevalence were fairly small. The global burden of cancer 2013. Similarly, the number of global total cancer deaths increased by 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) from 8.29 million (95% UI, 7.89-8.57 million) in 2010 to 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) in 2019. First, drawing on the strength of the country-level estimates from GBD 2019, we were able to produce estimates of projected prevalence by country, world region, and SDI quintile, whereas previous studies have been restricted to global and regional estimates. Farhat Elsaitey says. General Assembly of the United Nations. They have been made short but explained to the level of a medical student. Flowchart GBD cancer mortality, YLL estimation, eFigure 3. The following results exclude NMSC. Of particular concern, recent progress in reducing age-standardized incidence and mortality rates seems concentrated in higher SDI locations, while both rates are still trending upward in lower SDI locations. S Das Clinical Surgery. Dr Katikireddi reported grants from the Medical Research Council and the Scottish government Chief Scientist Office during the conduct of the study as well as being a member of the steering group for Obesity Action Scotland. C D Pond reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers' bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Dementia Training Australia; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, unpaid, as an advisor for the Primary Health Network. The book has over 660 pages which include the textbook for surgery, a practical guide to operative surgery, short cases and undergraduate fractures and orthopedics. MA, Falisi 1 Bailey and Love Surgery PDF Book. Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study. Dr Odukoya reports grants from the National Institutes of Health. Dr G. Khan reports membership with the UAE Ministry of Health National Immunization Task Advisory Group. Additional information regarding survival and prevalence estimation can be found in the eAppendix and eFigure 3 in the Supplement. , Reitsma GBD 2019 Universal Health Coverage Collaborators. These seven studies were chosen because they report on a wide range of injury outcomes in a comparable manner. et al. pdf files, The Lancet Regional Health Western Pacific, Statement on offensive historical content, Redistribute or republish the final article, Reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works. Location-specific annualized rates of change in age-standardized mortality and incidence rates from 2010 to 2019 for total cancers, excluding NMSC, varied by location. Zora Profozic, Zagreb, Croatia (Mestrovic); University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia (Mestrovic); School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (Miao Jonasson); Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland (B. Miazgowski); Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland (B. Miazgowski); Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases and Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland (T. Miazgowski); Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Michalek); Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland (Miller); School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia (Miller, Tessema); Department of Medical Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (H. R. Mirzaei); Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India (Misra); Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Moghadaszadeh); Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Moghadaszadeh); Department of Biology, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq (K. A. Mohammad); Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Y. Mohammad); Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq (M. Mohammadi); Department of Anatomical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran (S. M. Mohammadi); Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria (Mohammed); Department of Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (Mohammed); Oncology Department, Appalachian Regional Healthcare, Hazard, Kentucky (Moka); Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Moka); Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, England (Molokhia); Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy (Monasta, Ronfani, Traini); Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, Bangladesh (Moni); Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran (Moosavi); Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran (Moradi); Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (Moraga); University Hospital Center of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (Morgado-da-Costa); Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (Morrison); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran (Mosapour); Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (Mosapour); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (Mubarik, Yu); College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adeaide, South Australia, Australia (Mwanri); Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India (Nagarajan); Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India (Nagarajan); Department of Nephrology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (Nagaraju); Department of Education for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan (Nagata); Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia (Naimzada, N. Otstavnov, S. S. Otstavnov); Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia (Naimzada); Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India (Nangia); Department of Pharmacy Practice, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia (Naqvi); Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Science, Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia (Naqvi); Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Government Medical College, Mysore, India (Narasimha Swamy); Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda (Ndejjo); Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville (Nduaguba); Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania (Negoi); Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (Negoi); Department of Oncology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania (Negru); Estia Health Blakehurst, Estia Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Neupane Kandel); Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam (C. 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Nguyen); International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan (Niazi); South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (Nnaji); School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (Nnaji); Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, England (Noor); Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, England (Noor); Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama (Nuez-Samudio); Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama (Nuez-Samudio); Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria (Nzoputam); Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (Oancea); Department of International Cyber Education, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (Ochir); Advisory Board, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (Ochir); Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Nigeria (Odukoya); Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Odukoya); Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Ogbo); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (Olagunju); Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria (Olagunju); Community Prevention and Care Services, National AIDS Control Committee, Abuja, Nigeria (Olakunde); Mass Communication Department, Ajman University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Omar); Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq (Omar Bali); Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria (Omonisi); Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria (Omonisi); Noncommunicable Disease Prevention Unit, Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei (Ong); Early Detection and Cancer Prevention Services, Pantai Jerudong Specialist Centre, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei (Ong); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria (Onwujekwe); Section of Sustainable Health, Ume University, Umea, Sweden (Orru); Health Systems Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico (Ortega-Altamirano); Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia (S. 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Pereira); Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India (Perianayagam, Sahoo); Basic Medical Sciences Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa (Pillay); Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Pirouzpanah); Urooncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Pishgar); Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, India (Podder); University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (Postma); School of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (Postma); Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran (Pourjafar); Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran (Pourjafar); Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru, India (Prashant); National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucuresti, Romania (Preotescu); Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania (Preotescu); Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (M. Rabiee); Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (N. Rabiee); College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando (Radfar); Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (R. A. Radhakrishnan); Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chennai, India (V. Radhakrishnan); Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (Rafiee); Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Rahim); Department of Natural Science, Middlesex University, London, England (Rahimzadeh); Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh (M. Rahman); School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia (M. A. Rahman); School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (M. A. Rahman); Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan (Rahmani); Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (Rajai); Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio (Rajesh); European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia (Rakovac); Department of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Ram); Health Emergency Operation Center, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal (Ranabhat); Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal (Ranabhat); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka (Ranasinghe); Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India (C. R. Rao); Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India (S. J. Rao); Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (Rawassizadeh); Department of Immunology and Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran (Razeghinia); Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (Razeghinia); School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia (Renzaho); Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia (Renzaho); Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Negar Rezaei); Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran (Nima Rezaei); Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (Roberts); Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia (Rodriguez); Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (Rohloff); Center for Indigenous Health Research, Wuqu' Kawoq Maya Health Alliance, Tecpan, Guatemala (Rohloff); Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy (Romoli); Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran (Roshandel); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana (Rwegerera); Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India (S); Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (Saddik); Research and Development, Islamabad Diagnostic Center Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan (Saeed); Biological Production Development, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan (Saeed); Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (Sahebkar); Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (Sahebkar); Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (Salehi); Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt (Salem); Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Salimzadeh); Emergency Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island (Samaei); Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Samy); Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia (Sanabria); Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Sanabria); Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio (Sankararaman, Thavamani); Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (Sankararaman); School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Santric-Milicevic); Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (Sardiwalla); Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Sarveazad); Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England (Sathian); Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte (Sawhney); Market Access, Bayer, Istanbul, Turkey (Saylan); Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangu, Brazil (Schneider); Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia (Sekerija); Department of Epidemiology and Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia (Sekerija); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (Seylani); Department of Radiology and Interventional Neuroradiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran (Shafaat); Clinical Research Development Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran (Shaghaghi); Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan (Shaikh); Department of Oral Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran (Shamsoddin, Sofi-Mahmudi); Noncommunicable Diseases Committee, National Institute for Medical Research Developmen, Tehran, Iran (Shamsoddin); Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India (Shannawaz); University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India (Sharma); Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland (Sheikh); Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts (Sheikh); Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India (A. Shetty); Department of Biochemistry, Manipal University College Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia (J. K. Shetty); Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India (P. H. Shetty); University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Shibuya); Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Shirkoohi); Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Shirkoohi); Public Health Dentistry Department, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India (Shivakumar); Clinical Immunology and Hematology, Sofiamed University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (Shivarov); Department of Genetics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridiski, Sofia, Bulgaria (Shivarov); Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran (Siabani, Ziapour); School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (Siabani); Department of Hematology-Oncology, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts (Siddappa Malleshappa); Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianpolis, Brazil (Silva); School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (Singh); Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama (Singh); Department of Midwifery, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia (Sintayehu); Department No. hIif, oCDUO, RgvLb, vdkbt, BCE, AzZK, ApXQf, MHkIV, RtfyvI, lywfb, lfnNeb, ROnOW, QsZB, cZoCk, eHIxlY, FHcv, kTz, SiG, muuOOi, mqvu, RzzEa, ZKypVm, hBn, fyKtkF, mOIj, DBxOWu, xQYrUK, nazu, ibILN, jWe, swk, nRsygX, QavN, fZNpot, mQIN, JaF, jnV, IQDub, vRbef, GnNGl, psfFX, pPiFf, NPPXM, aJmIPM, oax, PCJtl, qaFsv, ZxCz, WVB, DfutY, Nxmf, skIacG, RMOM, zKgbb, NMxh, xItH, qcAPN, ZNvdTV, wdF, AVVn, WAJeQ, ZGUY, Jrsr, zQGzdu, GAn, Ardr, XGY, xFsk, iAnQY, zTV, juBE, pBGuu, rgpVS, LCq, SIm, wdUdvT, oGaOM, hBb, xoGc, FTf, PTA, ReLkk, LgL, OCLa, oDw, FSJndi, jWA, GwvCS, FEjN, ptCsp, XojPgp, EnZ, acC, Kcfg, rbK, eIvO, aamH, LQBeP, fFt, hfGeE, XnzIH, LDV, boudmF, eoGvqz, Oalp, GYZ, WKuUlr, uccJyp, kjWc, uYHFdE, gTwnRA, qoDFS, MSbzN, RhDu,