2/3 53. Start Printed Page 72601 These recalls involved 38 firms and affected approximately 21,530,000 CSUs. This would impose lower costs on manufacturers, but is unlikely to adequately reduce the risk of injury from clothing storage unit tip overs because it relies on manufacturers choosing to offer more stable units; consumer assessment of their need for more stable units (which CPSC's research indicates consumers underestimate); and does not account for units outside a child's home or purchased before a child was born. CPSC received comments requesting clarification and more specificity on where to place the fill weights, indicating that the position could be a source of testing error. For example, in relation to the ways in which firms engage with consumers, the reduction of barriers to entry and expansion, and measures that directly control outcomes such as price or service standards. e.g., when CSUs are discarded by consumers, based on the average lifecycle of 15 years). In most of these incidents, children were interacting with things inside the CSU, indicating that the doors were open. AI may benefit the broader financial system and markets in general through more responsive pricing and more accurate decision-making, which can, in turn, lead to increased allocative efficiency. CPSC reviewed the comments and the laboratory report and found that much of the subjectivity and variability in the results came from the testers applying the force by hand. For the NPR data set, of the 32 nonfatal CPSRMS child climbing incidents, the weight of the child was reported in 8 incidents, and ranged from 26 to 80 pounds. These symbols identify the product and hazard. The maximum amount of unfolded clothing that could be put into the tested drawers was only slightly higher than 8.5 pounds per cubic foot. Start Printed Page 72600 Seven of the eight CRC referrals had been targeted in lawsuits with plaintiffs alleging that the amendments combined multiple subjects and/or had misleading or unclear ballot language. [107] As previously discussed, the UMTRI researchers normalized the moment by dividing the calculated moment of each trial by the child's body weight to enable the effects of the behaviors to be examined independent of body weight. Cost to the Federal Government. Accordingly, an identification label that provides the model, manufacturer information, date of manufacture, and a statement of compliance with the rule is important to facilitate identification and removal of potentially unsafe CSUs. Some commenters stated that a stability rating hang tag may create a false sense of security in consumers, making them less likely to take added safety precautions, such as anchoring CSUs to a wall. The Commission's regulations address whether CPSC is required to prepare an environmental assessment (EA) or an environmental impact statement (EIS). This includes financial services firms regulated by one or more of the supervisory authorities (including both dual- and solo-regulated firms), non-regulated financial services firms, professional services firms (such as accounting and auditing firms), law firms, third parties (such as technology companies), trade associations and industry bodies, standard setting organisations, academics, and civil society organisations. This will eliminate the inconsistent results between test methods raised by commenters and simplify testing. Thus, its total weight at the time of the incident was 57 pounds. A 40-pound weight corresponds to a 75th percentile 3-year-old child, 50th percentile 4-year-old child, and 25th percentile 5-year-old child. The Commission is aware of four voluntary and international standards that are applicable to clothing storage units: ASTM F2057-19, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Clothing Storage Units (incorporated by reference, see 1261.5(c)); AS/NZS 4935: 2009, the Australian/New Zealand Standard for Domestic furnitureFreestanding chests of drawers, wardrobes and bookshelves/bookcasesdetermination of stability; ISO 7171 (2019), the International Organization for Standardization International Standard for FurnitureStorage UnitsDetermination of stability; and EN14749 (2016), the European Standard, European Standard for Domestic and kitchen storage units and worktopsSafety requirements and test methods. Of these, 47 (81 percent) involved carpeting, which includes rugs; 9 (15 percent) involved wood, hardwood, or laminate wood flooring; and 2 (3 percent) involved tile or linoleum flooring. The maximum handhold height includes the top of the CSU, but is limited to a maximum of 4.12 feet from the ground, which is based on the overhead reach height for a 95th percentile 3-year-old male. (ft)] + 0.52 ft} The Office of Advocacy stated that CPSC's Initial Regulatory Flexibility Act analysis underestimates the impact the proposed rule will have on small businesses. The Office of Advocacy also noted that almost all of the industry is small businesses, adding: One small importer estimated that additional packing materials and costs plus the increased shipping weight will drive up per unit costs by 44 percent. The way in which data are sourced and aggregated can impact the intended outcome, and the overall quality of the data. In the NPR, this term was defined as storage space enclosed on at least 5 sides by a frame or panel(s) and/or behind a non-opaque door and with a flat bottom surface. The final rule defines open space as space within the frame of the furniture, but without a bottom surface and provides, as examples, open space between legs, such as with a console table, or between separated storage components, such as with a vanity or a desk. Joint Commission standards help you develop strategies to address the most complex issues and identify key vulnerabilities in the patient care experience. (3) Injuries to children when clothing storage units tip over can be serious. Of the Test Method 1 must be used for CSUs with drawers or pull-out shelves that extend at least 6 inches from the fulcrum. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 29(6), pp. i.e., Sixty-seven percent of the value of apparent consumption of non-upholstered wood furniture (net imports plus domestic production for the U.S. market) in 2020 was comprised of imported furniture, and the share held by imports has grown in recent years (up from 56 percent in 2017). Torso injuries, which include compressional and mechanical asphyxia, are the most common form of injury for non-television CSU fatalities. This measure looks to embed accountability in all aspects of a firms use of AI and ML and helps ensure the technology (and its underlying data) is appropriately understood, tested, deployed and monitored. However, we think firms deploying AI systems need to have a sufficiently strong set of oversight and governance arrangements that make effective use of humans in the decision-making loop and review the accuracy of those arrangements. The nature of the hyperparameters,footnote [2] functional form of the models, and their outputs can also adapt continuously. to reach something on top of the unit. Forces exerted by the child at the hands and feet are illustrated using scaled vectors (longer lines indicate greater force magnitude; arrow direction indicates force direction). This is particularly relevant to some of the potential AI competition risks highlighted in Chapter 3. We help you measure, assess and improve your performance. However, based on comments, the final rule begins the scale at 1 because there is no need to show a lower rating since a CSU with a stability rating lower than 1 would not meet the stability requirements of the rule and would be impermissible. For example: for a 50-pound child It is likely that hundreds of manufacturers, including importers, will have to modify potentially several thousand CSU models to comply with the rule, which will require understanding the requirements, redesigning the CSUs, and manufacturing compliant units. The final rule sets out requirements for providing performance and technical data related to performance and safety to consumers at the time of original purchase and to the first purchaser of the CSU (other than resale) in the form of a hang tag. The costs of designing, manufacturing, and distributing compliant CSUs would be initially incurred by the manufacturers and suppliers, but most of these costs would likely be passed on to the consumers via higher retail prices. Part 1112 includes procedures for CPSC to accept a testing laboratory's accreditation and lists the children's product safety rules for which CPSC has published NORs. by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on 12/06/2022. I am a new commercial business or multi-unit residential.How do I sign up for service? The cost of an interlock mechanism includes the cost of the interlock itself; the cost of design, materials, and labor required to manufacture an interlock adapted to the CSU model and install the mechanism into the CSU. 1.20 The responses to this DP will help inform both the supervisory authorities thinking and any potential future policy proposals, which will sit within the wider domestic and international context of emerging AI regulation. Further information about tip restraints and anchoring is in Tab C of the NPR briefing package. For additional details about the study, including the test apparatus, data acquisition, additional behaviors assessed, and analyses, see the NPR and UMTRI's full report in Tab R of the NPR briefing package. 108. The laboratory report indicated variability in both methods, with Test Method 1 being almost twice as variable as Test Method 2 when both tests were conducted by hand (3.5 to 7.0 percent, compared to 2.0 to 4.5 percent, respectively). The NPR included a note regarding repairs under Test Method 1, which specified that if a drawer breaks during the test due to the force, use Test Method 2 or secure or reinforce the drawer, as long as the modifications do not increase the tip-over moment. Based on NEISS and CPSRMS, CPSC staff identified 199 reported CSU tip-over fatalities to children ( Description of and Basis for the Rule, child strength studies show that children between 2 and 5 years old can achieve a mean pull force of 17.2 pounds. To assess whether the 8.5 pounds per-cubic-foot measure reasonably represents the weight of clothing in a drawer, CPSC staff conducted testing with folded and unfolded children's clothing on drawers of different sizes. Domestic furnitureFreestanding chests of drawers, wardrobes and bookshelves/bookcasesdetermination of stability; ISO 7171 (2019), the International Organization for Standardization Learn about the development and implementation of standardized performance measures. 21. Given that this alternative primarily relies on existing CPSC actions, the primary costs staff estimates for this alternative are associated with tip restraints. (2) Place the unit on a hard, level, and flat test surface. The rule provides two test methods for the tip-over test. See Tab Q of the NPR briefing package. They are addressed to representatives of the industry (manufacturing), services, retail trade and construction sectors, as well as to consumers. (a) These diagrams illustrate how the test configuration was used to determine the child's moment acting on the CSU. Therefore, for a voluntary standard to be effective at reducing the hazard, it would need to be both effective and have a high level of compliance. The regulation is a performance standard, not a design standard; and as discussed in the Final Regulatory Analysis, there are multiple ways to comply with the final rule that may not involve adding weight to the unit. Similar to ISO 7171, an additional unfilled, closed drawer test is required for units greater than 1000 mm in height, where a vertical force of 350 N (77 pounds) along with a simultaneous 50 N (11 pounds) outward horizontal force are applied to the top surface of the unit. 15 U.S.C. Staff's testing indicated that the weight of filled drawers increases the stability of a CSU when more drawers are closed, and reduces overall stability when more drawers are open. On the issue of economies of scale for any specific technology for compliance, while it is possible that large manufacturers would have a lower cost per unit for the components, due to economies of scale, no small manufacturers provided specific price data on this issue. However, some CSUs with may extend the fulcrum forward significantly while they are tilting forward. margin-bottom: 5px !important; 15 U.S.C. for the remaining 322 (43 percent). The commenter also suggested that, if included in the rule, the fill weight for pull-out shelves should be reduced to 4.25 pounds per cubic feet, representing half of the 8.5 pounds used for a drawer's fill weight. [125] Arrows illustrate the directions and relative magnitudes of forces at the hands and feet. (2003). This is the point or line about which the CSU pivots when it tips forward. 4.13 The subsections below outline at a high level how some of the Principles and the FCAs rules and guidance may be relevant to the AI risks to consumer protection discussed in Chapter 3. Accordingly, the rule includes a requirement that simulates the effect of carpet in order to accurately mimic real-world factors that contribute to CSU instability. The FCA must, so far as is compatible with its consumer protection and market integrity objectives, also exercise its functions in a way that promotes effective competition in the interests of consumers. 1.4 The purpose of this DP is to share and obtain feedback on: 1.5 In 2019, the supervisory authorities conducted a joint survey to better understand the use of AI and ML in UK financial services. However, staff has further assessed this possibility and found that pull-out shelves can hold the same volume of i.e., In general, an online hang tag is required to meet the same content, form, and sequence requirements as physical hang tags. For example, incidents include children climbing on open drawers, filled with clothing. to zero (compare with Figure 5, which depicts a non-zero However, they also noted that they had products that could be used as CSUs in other rooms to store non-clothing and had changed the location and use of products over time, moving them between rooms and storing clothing or other items in them, depending on location. The NPR discussed ANSI/SOHO S6.5-2008 (R2013), It defines chest of drawers as containing one or more drawers or other extendible elements and intended for the storage of clothing, and may have one or more doors or shelves. The promise of this technology is to make financial services and markets more efficient, accessible, and tailored to consumer needs. About the Federal Register Accordingly, the definition of CSUs includes a minimum amount of closed storage and the presence of drawers and/or doors as an element. CPSC Warning Label Safety Symbol Research: Final Report. As explained in the NPR, warnings that are inconsistent with expected consumer use are not likely to be effective. distance, the researchers were able to analyze the effects of the fulcrum position by varying the 15 U.S.C. The Office of Advocacy commented that CPSC should clarify that once a product has been tested and certified, small importers and retailers may rely on that certification without incurring additional testing costs.. Adults are likely to open only one or a couple of drawers at a time on a CSU; as such, adults may only have experience with the CSUs in their more stable configurations and may underestimate the tip-over hazard. Beyond injuries initially treated in EDs and through hospital admissions, many product-related injuries are treated in other medical settings, such as physicians' offices, clinics, and ambulatory surgery centers. However, some CSUs with particular geometric features, or without extendable elements, may have greater tip-over moments associated with the alternative criteria, based on children's interactions with the CSU. Additional information about costs associated with the rule are available in Tab H of the final rule briefing package. 2. Testers that choose to be precise can determine the exact CG of the applied weights. Freestanding The cost of tipping the unit back by raising its front or providing adjustable leveling feet is estimated at $2.80 per CSU. Receiving The Gold Seal of Approval from The Joint Commission means youve met or exceeded the most comprehensive evaluation process in the health care industry. This section discusses the basis for the stability requirements in the final rule as well as the definitions of terms relevant to those requirements. See section VII. Accordingly, when an interlock or other means prevents more than half of the extendable elements by interior volume from being opened simultaneously, the rule requires that no fill weight be placed in the extendable elements. Start Printed Page 72655. The third and fourth measurements for which the fulcrum position is used are to determine the tip-over moment in Test Methods 1 and 2, which determine whether the CSU meets the minimum stability requirement. A stability rating would give consumers information on the stability of CSU models they are considering, to inform their buying decisions, and potentially give manufacturers an incentive to achieve a higher stability rating to increase their competitiveness or increase their appeal to consumers that desire more stable CSUs. The stability testing in the rule simulates these factors simultaneously ( The bottom handle vertical As the NPR explained, all doors and extendable elements should be open to the maximum extension and least stable configuration for stability testing, as this is consistent with the purpose of these testing provisions to assess CSUs in their least stable likely configuration during real-world use. As such, they would require less cost for labor and materials, and more CSUs would comply with the standard without modifications. 1021.5(c)(1). However, CSUs are more commonly general-use products that are not specifically intended for children 12 years old and younger. 102. Nevertheless, data indicate that substantial numbers of child injuries and fatalities continue to result from CSU tip overs. Still cant find what youre [] The NPR defined open space as space enclosed within the frame, but without a bottom surface. CPSC staff uses the CDC Anthropometric Reference, rather than the CDC Growth Chart, because it is more recently collected data and because the data are aggregated by year of age, allowing for estimates by year. In addition, a relatively small blood volume loss in a child, due to internal organ injuries and bleeding, can lead to decreased blood circulation and shock. Under section 9(f)(1) of the CPSA, the Commission must consider, and make appropriate findings to be included in the rule, concerning the following issues: Id. Based on the Normalized Moment for Ascend shown in the bottom graph of Figure 23 in Tab D of the NPR briefing package, CPSC staff estimated the Ascend line with the following equation 1: Equation 1. Warning label requirements. Placement: They indicate that children have died from furniture tipping over, and direct consumers how to reduce the risk of tip overs, by securing furniture to the wall; not allowing children to stand, climb, or hang on units; not defeating interlock systems (if the unit has them); placing heavier items in lower drawers; and not putting a television on CSUs (when the manufacturer indicates they are not designed for that purpose). When filled extendable elements are closed, the clothing weight contributes to the stability of the CSU, because the clothing weight is behind the front legs (fulcrum). Commenters expressed concern that displaying a scale that goes higher than 2 would confuse consumers looking for higher rated CSUs and would suggest that a rating of 2 is not sufficiently stable. For these reasons, CSUs with only doors present a similar tip-over hazard as CSUs with drawers or other extendable elements and the final rule retains these within the scope. Figure 1 to paragraph (b)(8)(i)Fill weights in all drawers if 50 percent or more of the extendable elements by functional volume are open. Repairs. 87 FR 6246 (Feb. 3, 2022). However, ASTM has not updated the standard. Staff examined how to distinguish between drawers and furniture components that are intended to contain or store items but are not usable as extendable elements that are likely to contribute to instability when extended. Figure 5 shows that the child's body weight will generally be distributed between the two bars, but that the child's CM location will also typically be outboard of the bars (farther from the fulcrum than the bars). 1/4 Results from FMG's CSU focus group[87] The graphs of Figure 23 in Tab D of the NPR briefing package show how the moments and the normalized moments increase with the fulcrum distance (which corresponds to the drawer extension). When you have assembled your team, assessed your readiness and reviewed the standards, youre ready to schedule your on-site review. Start Printed Page 72599 For example, FG16/5 Guidance for firms outsourcing to the cloud and other third-party IT services and paragraph 2.4 in PRA SS2/21 'Outsourcing and third party risk management'. In the NPR, staff reviewed the requirements in ANSI/SOHO S6.5-2008 (R2013), Staff also considered two incidents involving plastic units in the NEISS nonfatal data. Figure 3. Figure 1 to paragraph (a)(2)(i)Warning label content. means space within the frame of the furniture, but without a bottom surface. These requirements are the same as the NPR except that the final rule refers to this as an identification mark or label, rather than just an identification label. This does not change the meaning of the requirements, but addresses a comment that expressed concern that the term label meant that other means of applying the information to the product ( However, CPSC did not review tip restraint requirements in detail because staff determined that CSUs should be inherently stable to account for lack of consumer use of tip restraints and additional barriers to proper installation and use of tip restraints. One commenter requested clarification of the terms open storage and open space that are relevant to the definition of a CSU. In this case, the moment produced by the child is the horizontal pull force transmitted to the CSU (for example, through a drawer stop), multiplied by the vertical distance to the fulcrum. To ensure proper placement of the test block, the test configuration requirements are also updated in the final rule to state the unit must be tilted forward by placing the test block(s) under the unit's most rear floor support(s) such that either the entire floor support contact area is over the test block(s) or the back edge of the test block(s) is aligned with the back edge of the rear floor supports. 147. 2051(b)(2). 130. Data may reflect historical biases in society, for instance where certain groups have been less able to access credit. Societal costs of deaths and injuries. For example, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervisions (BCBS)footnote [13] Principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting (BCBS 239) contains principles aimed at strengthening prudential risk data aggregation such as ensuring the accuracy, integrity, completeness, timeliness, and adaptability of data. This results in excluding certain lightweight units from the definition of a CSU and the scope of the rule. extendable element extension from fulcrum distance Section 2 of the CPSA provides that one purpose of the CPSA is to assist consumers in evaluating the comparative safety of consumer products. 15 U.S.C. Overall, the number of lightweight units that are 27 inches or taller and weigh less than 57 pounds when filled is small, making the impact of the rule similar to that proposed in the NPR. e.g., Response: The final rule also replaces with a flat bottom surface with reasonably can be used for storage ( The hang tag shall remain on the product/container/packaging until the time of original purchase. 1.19 This DP closes on Friday 10 February 2023. The CG of a CSU will also change depending on the position and amount of clothing in each extendable element. The UK government aims to address these challenges by creating a framework for regulating AI that is context-specific, pro-innovation and risk-based, coherent, proportionate, and adaptable. Test block The benefits may include: (i) creating a common language for firms and regulators, which may ease uncertainty; (ii) assisting in a uniform and harmonised response from regulators towards AI; and (iii) providing a basis for identifying whether or not specific use cases might be captured under particular rules and principles. (c) Available at: For the years for which reporting is considered complete2000 through CPSC received several comments on the stockpiling limits in the NPR, most of which supported the provisions. The OECD, for example, has developed a baseline framework to advance a shared understanding of AI, including metrics for risks associated with the use of AI. In September 2022, the CFPB took action against Regions Bank for charging surprise overdraft fees known as authorized positive fees. Example of digitized frame with estimated CM location and offset from upper handle. manufacturer statements about the intended use of the product, including a label on the product if such statement is reasonable; whether the product is represented in its packaging, display, promotion, or advertising as appropriate for use by children 12 years of age or younger; whether the product is commonly recognized by consumers as being intended for use by a child 12 years of age or younger; and. Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. ), as the overall rate of anchoring furniture found in the study. Ballot measures, Who represents me? For instance, the supervisory authorities would wish to avoid introducing unnecessarily complex or costly rules that can act as a barrier to entry, especially for non-systemic firms, or unintentionally favour larger firms with more resource to manage compliance with complex rulebooks. These markup elements allow the user to see how the document follows the For the remaining incidents, either no injury resulted from the incident, or the report did not indicate whether an injury occurred. For this reason, the final rule does not include rigid, solid, and enclosed as part of the definition of a drawer. Fulcrum Based on this analysis and testing, staff identified several factors that contributed to the tip-over incidents. has a flat bottom surface) and provides, as examples, open shelf space that is not behind a door, display space behind a non-opaque door, and framed open clothing hanging space. Interconnected risks at the data level can feed into the model level, and then raise broader challenges at the level of the firm and its overall governance of AI systems. The interactions UMTRI researchers evaluated included: Participants also expressed that they would remove labels that were too conspicuous ( The final rule also now specifies that, for Test Method 1, it is for units with extendable elements that extend at least 6 inches from the fulcrum, whereas the NPR did not specify an extension distance criteria. (3) The Commission also considered mandating a standard like the voluntary standard, but replacing the 50-pound test weight with a 60-pound test weight. The Commission concludes that the stability requirements in ISO 7171 (2019) are not adequate to address the CSU tip-over hazard because they do not account for carpeted flooring, or dynamic and horizontal forces generated by children's interactions with the CSU, such as climbing or pulling on the top drawer. In addition, caregivers may encourage children to use a CSU on their own as part of developing independent skills. 2058(f)(1). In addition, states or political subdivisions of a state may apply for an exemption from preemption regarding a consumer product safety standard, and the Commission may issue a rule granting the exemption if it finds that the state or local standard: (1) provides a significantly higher degree of protection from the risk of injury or illness than the CPSA standard, and (2) does not unduly burden interstate commerce. 4.56 Looking ahead, there is a question as to whether there should be a dedicated SMF and/or a Prescribed Responsibility (PR) for AI under the SM&CR. These comparison tip-over moments determine whether the tip-over moment of the CSU is sufficient to withstand tipping over when child interactions identified in incidents and measured by UMTRI occur. If a failed component prevents the completion of either test method, then to continue testing, the failed components must be repaired or replaced to their original specifications and, if necessary, be secured to prevent the components from failing, as long as the modifications do not increase the tip-over moment. Vital Health Stat 3(46). For more detailed information, see these additional materials: CPSC staff's briefing package supporting the NPR;[6], CPSC staff's public briefing to the Commission regarding the NPR briefing package, which includes a video demonstration of stability testing proposed in the NPR;[7], information provided in the docket for this rulemaking;[9], information obtained at a public hearing on the NPR;[10] Clothes locker https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LIY1wfyOwDk. The back of the hang tag includes a technical explanation of the graph and rating to explain how to interpret and use the graphic and number. means the force required to cause tip over of the clothing storage unit. Of the 188 CSUs staff tested, 98 (52 percent) held the 60-pound weight without tipping over. The final rule includes provisions regarding the scope of the standard and definitions of terms in the standard. By increasing the test weight, it is possible that this alternative would prevent some CSU tip overs. This revealed that, as the weight to tip the unit on a hard surface increased, shifting to a carpeted surface had less of an impact in terms of the percentage of the tip-over weight. Please address any comments or enquiries to [emailprotected]. Chief Data, Information and Intelligence Officer (CDIIO). In addition, focus group study indicated that consumers had trouble understanding the child climbing symbol required by the standard. If so, what are they and which approaches are most suitable for UK financial services? The CSU drawers were modeled using the top handle and bottom handle height, and the drawer extension was modeled from 0 inches to 12 inches. In addition, CSUs typically are intended and used for storing clothing and, therefore, they are commonly used in bedrooms. Consistent with this purpose and to clarify this requirement, the final rule adds that the unit must not be attached to the wall or other upright structure for testing. on the outside or top of a unit). Learn about research projects and results, joint research initiatives and EU action to promote innovation. The contribution to the total moment from vertical forces, such as body weight and vertical dynamic forces, is 54 pound-feet. In addition, for stability testing after configuring the CSU according to manufacturer instructions, leveling it, and tilting it to simulate carpet, the NPR further stated that, if the CSU has a levelling device intended for a carpeted surface, to adjust the level in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for a carpeted surface. The Office of Advocacy commented that CPSC should reconsider its two proposed testing methods, as they produce different results that may be confusing for consumers and small businesses alike.. In addition, the primary U.S. voluntary consensus standard on product safety signs and labels, ANSI Z535.4, The AIPPF launched in October 2020 and ran for one year, with four quarterly meetings and a number of workshops. The permanency testing requirements in section 7.3 of ASTM F2057-19 include requirements for paper labels, non-paper labels, and those applied directly to the surface of the product. 1/4 [148] Incorporation by reference. The final rule also requires a three-panel child climbing symbol on the warning label. Figure 20 in Tab D of the NPR briefing package (also Figure 44 in Tab R) shows the calculated maximum moment for each interaction of interest versus the child's body weight, and shows that the maximum moment tends to increase with body weight. The preceding analysis was based on a 12-inch (one foot) horizontal distance between the location of force exertion and the fulcrum. Start Printed Page 72611 under 18 years old), 11 reported fatalities to adults ( Because a test block would be placed under the feet of a CSU, staff adjusted the depth measurement accordingly. These annual reports are available at: The pull force, and the height of the drawer pull location, relative to the floor, are relevant considerations. www.regulations.gov, (v) Ratio of tip-over moment, as tested per 1261.4(c), to the threshold moment, as determined per 1261.4(d), of that model clothing storage unit, displayed on a progressive scale. Content. Therefore, the maximum handhold height is either: (1) the height of the unit, if the unit is under 4.12 feet tall, or (2) 4.12 feet if the unit is that tall or taller. The location of the CM was estimated, based on anthropometric information on children,[57] However, consumers may also use CSUs in rooms other than bedrooms and to store items other than clothing in them. daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial The UMTRI researchers estimated the location of the child's CM by examining the side-view images from the times of maximum moment, as shown in Figure 3. New Documents Having identified an appropriate total weight at which to establish a threshold for the final rule, CPSC also considered how to determine the total weight. means the horizontal distance measured from the centerline of the front face of the drawer or the outermost surface of the pull-out shelf to the fulcrum, when the extendable element is at the maximum extension and the clothing storage unit is on a hard, level, and flat test surface. For additional information about relevant existing standards, see Tabs C, D, F, and N of the NPR briefing package, and Tab F of the final rule briefing package. fr.inspection@nara.gov, [109] For example, AI-based insurance screening or credit provision could enable greater segmentation between low-risk and high-risk consumer groups. This height is limited to a maximum of 4.12 feet from the ground, while the CSU is on a flat and level surface. The definition also included a reference to a figure, which indicated a maximum height of 4.12 feet. e.g., I am an active customer and have questions about my bill. However, comments indicated that this was not clear in the NPR, and the wording in Test Methods 1 and 2 contributed to that confusion by stating to record the distance from the force application point to the fulcrum and the tip-over force at the same time. how policy can best support further safe AI adoption. (iii) The stability rating determined in paragraph (a)(2)(v) of this section. We may choose to publish certain responses to this discussion paper to help inform the public debate on artificial intelligence. This alternative would be less burdensome by having minimal costs, but would be unlikely to reduce the risk of injury from clothing storage unit tip overs. the material on FederalRegister.gov is accurately displayed, consistent with Multiple Open and Filled Extendable Elements, B. Functional height is clearance height minus The weights shall not interfere with other extended extendable elements. Head injuries, compressional and mechanical asphyxia, and strangulation are the leading causes of injuries in CSU tip-over incidents. The UMTRI researchers calculated the maximum moment about a virtual fulcrum, based on the measured force data for each test and the location of the force. 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