Something went wrong while submitting the form. [65] At the time, The Beatles had the top selling album of the 2000s until Eminem surpassed them with 32.2million in sales. The most conspicuous musical sources of Puerto Rico have included European, Indigenous, and African influences, although many aspects of Puerto Rican music reflect origins elsewhere in the Caribbean. The result which sometimes renders the remaining lyrics unintelligible or contradictory to the original recording has become almost as widely identified with the genre as any other aspect of the music, and has been parodied in films such as Austin Powers in Goldmember, in which Mike Myers' character Dr. [231][232], Very few female artists have been recognized in hip hop, and the most popular, successful and influential artists, record producers, and music executives are males. This is old music.' ", https://rnow.today/news/Karol-G-publicly-apologizes-to-Ivy-Queen-because-of-Anuel-AA-20200721-0005.html, "How Bad Bunny Took Over Pop Singing Exclusively In Spanish", "The First Time: Ivy Queen on Early Reggaeton, Embracing Her LGBTQ Fans", "Watch All Of Karol G's 2018 Collaborations (So Far)", "Becky G and Karol G on Lifting Up Music's Latinas: 'There's Space For All Of Us', "Karol G Unveils 'Ocean,' Her Most Intimate Album Yet: It's 'My Heart and Soul', "Dominicana Natti Natasha se abre espacio en reguetn de la mano de Don Omar", "Natti Natasha is ushering in a brighter future for reggaeton", "Natti Natasha On Pouring Her Heart Out In Debut Album 'ilumiNATTI': 'It's All About Empowerment', "The Threads That Bind Bachata to the Blues", Raquel Z. Rivera, Wayne Marshall and Deborah Pacini Hernandez. In its call-and-response singing set to ostinato-based rhythms played on two or three squat drums (barriles), bomba resembles other neo-African genres in the Caribbean. [8], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "How a 'Black Panther' Music Video Taps into an Old Trend", "Kendrick Lamar and SZA Serve Wakandan Royal Opulence in 'All the Stars' Video", "Kendrick Lamar's "All the Stars" video in appropriation scandal", "The parallel yet familiar world of Tjovitjo", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pantsula&oldid=1079201651, Articles needing additional references from January 2014, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 March 2022, at 15:24. Only one female artist has won Best Rap Album of the Year at the Grammy Awards since the category was added in 1995. One particular example is the rule-based slang of Snoop Dogg and E-40, who add -izzle or -izz to the end or middle of words. Critics have also stated that hip hop music promotes drug use and violence. [17] On May 3, 2019 Karol G was able to release her new album called Ocean. Kwaito songs occur at a slower tempo range than other styles of house music and Kwaito often contains catchy melodic and percussive loop samples, deep bass lines, and vocals. Such art is in some cases now subject to federal protection in the US, making its erasure illegal. Why the answer matters and who it matters to". The couple then side steps, which is known as a paso de la empalizada or "stick-fence step," followed by either a clockwise or counter-clockwise turn. The city of Cali became known as Colombia's "capital of salsa". It's a name that everyone could pronounce. "[5] Additionally, it is difficult to define Kwaito as a type of South African hip hop, as there is an actual emergent hip-hop scene. Steingo writes in an article titled "South African music after Apartheid: kwaito, the 'party politic,' and the appropriation of gold as a sign of success" that the genre was influenced by both house music and American hip hop, while also drawing on inspiration from ancient African music. During a piano solo he approached the timbales, picked up a stick, and attempted to play clave on the clave block along with the band. The Panamanian-born singer Ruben Blades in particular is well known for his socially-conscious and incisive salsa lyrics about everything from imperialism to disarmament and environmentalism, which have resonated with audiences throughout Latin America. As the population of the Tano dwindled, Spanish, African and, from 1898 on, North American dances appeared on the island and took root and developed in the mountains, on the coast, and in th cities. World music is an English phrase for styles of music from non-Western countries, including quasi-traditional, intercultural, and traditional music.World music's inclusive nature and elasticity as a musical category pose obstacles to a universal definition, but its ethic of interest in the culturally exotic is encapsulated in Roots magazine's description of the genre as "local music Pantsula is a tradition and also a highly energetic dance form that originated in the black townships of South Africa during the apartheid era. [13] In reaction to the comments made by her boyfriend Anuel AA, Karol G responded with a video, saying For Becky G, Natti Natasha, Anitta, Ivy Queen and all the women who have shown me respect in all my social networks and interviews: I have had the honor of telling them in person how much I admire their work and careers, but we are all worthy of what we have, because nobody has given anything to anyone. She went on to say, This is a crown, and nobody is not going to give it to them, for what they have done. (R)evolution in 4/4: The contribution of South Africas urban music to new meanings of freedom, 26 April. As social conditions and urban decay took its toll in the projects New York City during the 1970s, blacks and Puerto Ricans were equally affected. Salsa musician Eddie Palmieri once said "When you talk about our music, you talk about before, or after, Arsenio..Lil Martnez was my mentor". [151] Until its discontinuation on July 8, 2006, BET ran a late-night segment titled BET: Uncut to air nearly-uncensored videos. It is said that " a repressive society would result in a creative artit is an ingredient, it acts as a catalyst to a man who is committed. [66] While sampling has always been a central part of hip hop music, Kanye West's The College Dropout offered new innovations in the genre. have noted that the lyrics of kwaito songs are apolitical because it mostly helps to create dance-oriented music. The instrumental in this case is provided so that DJs and turntablists can isolate breaks, beats and other music to create new songs. However, jbaros themselves were becoming an endangered species, as agribusiness and urbanization have drastically reduced the numbers of small farmers on the island. In 1990, Luther Campbell and his group 2 Live Crew filed a lawsuit against Broward County Sheriff Nick Navarro, because Navarro wanted to prosecute stores that sold the group's album As Nasty As They Wanna Be because of its obscene and vulgar lyrics. For us, for South Africans after the curtain was lifted, after we could see other things besides what was presented to us on television which was blacksploitation [sic.] [215][original research? [155], Ice-T suggested that the furor over the song was an overreaction, telling journalist Chuck Philips " they've done movies about nurse killers and teacher killers and student killers. Work with dope dancers/teachers who are also respected. They brought salsa, Cuban mambo and rumba, Brazilian samba, Jazz dance, as well as martial arts like Kung-Fu and Capoeira to influence Breaking. [88] The lens through which one views the genre's commercialization can make it seem positive or negative. Local genres were already well established by this time. Web. In New York City with groups such as Los Pleneros de la 21,[5] members of La Casita de Chema, and Alma Moyo. Fetal pole at 7 weeks A fetal pole with a CRL of 7mm or greater should have fetal cardiac activity. It is a mixture of a number of different rhythms from marabi of the 1920s, kwela of the 1950s, mbaqanga/maskhandi of the hostel dwellers, bubblegum music of the 1980s, and Imibongo (African praise poetry). Although it is not described as one of the four core elements that make up hip hop, music producing is another important element. These messages can be inspiring for a youth living in poverty. why moderno Our mission is to help build community through dance and cultural awareness. As Deborah Pacini Hernandez wrote in her article, "Oye Como Va! This helps the beatboxer to make their beatboxing loud enough to be heard alongside a rapper, MC, turntablist, and other hip hop artists. [54], Encompassing graffiti art, MCing/rapping, DJing and b-boying, hip hop became the dominant cultural movement of the minority-populated urban communities in the 1980s. The periodical began as the first Rap record chart and tip sheet for DJs and was distributed through national record pools and record stores throughout the New York City Tri-State area. Before the dance begins, one know how to count the Cha Cha Ch. [57] Kwaito also addresses the oppression of black people and the context of colonialism in which they still live. [16], Karol G is a Colombian reggaeton singer who has done collaborations with other reggaeton singers, such as J Balvin, Bad Bunny, and Maluma. [23], Jamaican-born DJ Clive "Kool Herc" Campbell[24] pioneered the use of DJing percussion "breaks" in hip hop music. de 2022 Free Trial Class for any first time student. But that would make waves at the next dinner party or charity luncheon, and the Despite (or perhaps because of) being sometimes called South Africas 'wild child' because of her sexually explicit lyrics and dance moves, she gained widespread popularity, and performed at Nelson Mandela's 85th birthday celebration. [158] Similar to greenwashing, the phenomenon of companies using hip-hop collaborations for commercial purposes without fully understanding and supporting the culture involved is referred to as "streetwashing". Whoever you're going to play this to, get a hold of me. In the early years of hip hop, the DJs were the stars, as they created new music and beats with their record players. "The Madonna of the Townships." Cable News Network. These are connected to a DJ mixer, an amplifier, speakers, and various electronic music equipment such as a microphone and effects units. Beats are such an integral part of rap music that many producers have been able to make instrumental mixtapes or albums. The two bands incorporated less superficially jazz elements as well as the contemporary Mozambique (music). Two popular ones were Latin Quarters and Union Square. [90] Miley Cyrus and Katy Perry, although not rappers, have been accused of cultural appropriation and commercializing hip hop. Jaren Kyei Merrell (born February 8, 1989), known professionally as Shea Coule, is an American drag queen, musician, actor, podcaster, and fixture of the Chicago nightlife scene. The early b-boys and b-girls came from all kinds of backgrounds of movement. You may join the class any time either by drop-in or Monthly SCHEDULE who we are. 2008. [8][9], The first self-identified salsa bands were predominantly assembled by Cuban and Puerto Rican musicians in New York City in the '70s. Salsa romntica can be traced back to Noches Calientes, a 1984 album by singer Jos Alberto "El Canario" with producer Louie Ramrez. Elite Force, a dance crew from the 90s, was made of Hip Hop heads that also worked as professional dancers. Thus, Kwaito artist focus on maintaining an emotional link between customer and brand. There are many ways to evaluate this according to researcher Sharlene Swartz who says that in addition to the musical attributes of kwaito, it is important to look at production, consumption and culture. 'Kwaitofabulous': The study of a South African urban genre. The choreography of the ballroom merengue is a basic side two-step, but with a difficult twist of the hip to the right, which makes it somewhat hard to perform. CNN iReport. It involves sketching in historical contexts and sequences, tracing traditions and antecedents, and recognizing hip-hop to be more and different than the simulated images, poses, and formulas the public discourse of media entertainment tends to reduce it to. The verse section can be short, or expanded to feature the lead vocalist and/or carefully crafted melodies with clever rhythmic devices. These are grouped into two broad categories, viz., seis (e.g., seis fajardeo, seis chorreao) and aguinaldo (e.g., aguinaldo orocoveo, aguinaldo cayeyano). One of the most influential beat makers was J. Dilla, a producer from Detroit who chopped samples by specific beats and would combine them together to create his unique sound. Jaren Kyei Merrell (born February 8, 1989), known professionally as Shea Coule, is an American drag queen, musician, actor, podcaster, and fixture of the Chicago nightlife scene. Ivy Queen was born as Martha Ivelisse Pesante on March 4, 1972, in Afiasco, Puerto Rico. It began in Alexandra and Sophiatown, two townships in Johannesburg, as groups of older men engaged in informal street dance competitions. Hip hop has been cut, mixed and adapted as it the music spreads to new areas. Kwaito hits often attract a bit of media attention, as Arthur's August 2005 release "Sika Lekhekhe" (a Zulu phrase literally meaning "Cut this cake" and figuratively "Have sex with me") did. The MC spoke between the DJ's songs, urging everyone to get up and dance. This prohibition, however, does not seem to have had much lasting effect, and the newly invigorated genrenow more commonly referred to as "danza"went on to flourish in distinctly local forms. Hip hop music has been a powerful medium for protesting the impact of legal institutions on minorities, particularly police and prisons. (Price 156). Try me. "Reggaeton", "20 Latin Urban Artists Who've Experimented With Bachata", "Tu Pum Pum: The Story of Luny Tunes, the Producers Who Fueled Reggaeton's Commercial Explosion", "Puerto Rico San Juan Ponce Caribbean salsa dance music culture", "How To Dance Salsa For Beginners | 4 Salsa Dance Steps", "Cha Cha Dance Steps For Beginners Free Cha Cha Video Course", "Bomba and Plena Artists Offer Live Music in Puerto Rico", La Parranda Puertorriquena: The Music, Symbolism, and Cultural Nationalism of Puerto Rico's Christmas Serenading Tradition, For The Love of Puerto Rico: 10 Great Salsa Tracks by Boricuas, Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Puerto_Rico&oldid=1126142452, Music of insular areas of the United States, Articles with dead external links from January 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014, Articles with minor POV problems from July 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Barton, Hal. Through these battles, dancers earned pride, respect, and a sense of identity and purpose. And instead of asserting themselves with weapons or violence, they did so through dance. [42], The lyrical content of many early rap groups focused on social issues, most notably in the seminal track "The Message" (1982) by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, which discussed the realities of life in the housing projects. [19] This year she has collaborated with Maluma on her song "Creeme" and with Anuel AA in the song "Culpables". (2) Eventually, count to three "1,2,3 Cha Cha Ch", which brings to the three full beats and two half beats of the dance. It's nearly impossible to capture all of that in one package Alas, I accepted that I can't write the perfect story, and instead embraced the opportunity to simply create dialogue. Any other picture of a successful black man was him behaving like a caricature of himself. [255], For women, artists such as Missy Elliott, Lil' Kim, Young M.A. Kwaito is even perceived as a lifestyle, encompassing many aspects of life, including language and fashion. This romantic introduction ended with a salute by the gentlemen and a curtsey from the ladies in reply. [50] Furthermore, many scholars and researchers of the genre, including Gavin Steingo, agree with Mhlambi in that they disclaim the idea that kwaito is purely South African hip hop. <, Magubane, Zine. Public Enemy's "Gotta Give the Peeps What They Need" was censored on MTV, removing the words "free Mumia". Originally, pantsula dancers did not have access to recorded music and danced to live music, including voices like Bra Sello and "Big Voice Jack" Lerole. [15]. Another popular hip hop magazine that arose in the 1980s was Word Up magazine, an American magazine catering to the youth with an emphasis on hip hop. But not everybody could do the athletically demanding moves of Breaking, nor were they interested in competition. While some OG members of the Hip Hop community consider other elements to be part of Hip Hops core (such as Beatboxing) all agree you must participate in the 5 elements above to be considered a member of authentic Hip Hop culture. Patterson argues that mass communication is controlled by the wealthy, the government, and major businesses in Third World nations and countries around the world.[141]. "[38] Very similar to other genres of music, Kwaito wants to stay original and stick close to the roots. These labels produced myriad employment opportunities for young Black producers, engineers, and attorneys in the music industry and, more importantly, has provided young Black people with a source of financial gain and dignity. [60], With the commercial success of gangsta rap in the early 1990s, the emphasis in lyrics shifted to drugs, violence, and misogyny. [23] In South Africa, some Kwaito music producers say that the genre is comparable to hip hop; it is only comparable because it has become more than just a genre of music but rather a movement in which people can create their own identities with their own values. Mhlambi, Thokozani. which talks about how Bruno Mars being accused of cultural appropriation for being inspired by the works of Black musicians misses the point that Bruno himself is in part Afro-Latino. This criticism overlooks the musics multiple social contexts such as parties, street bashes, and clubs. [17] Another common characteristic is the dialogue between a man and a woman with the woman largely repeating the man's lines. [49], Despite what it has brought to the country, kwaito faces critics. [according to whom?] Its rhythms (e.g. [28] Daddy Yankee's "Lo Que Paso, Paso" and Don Omar's "Dile" also reflect this. [61] Many currently renowned Kwaito musicians grew up listening to Jamaican music, and Stoan, a member of Bongo Maffin, explained in an interview just how necessary an outlet this kind of music was: the representations of black people imported into the country during apartheid were singularly negative ones, and Jamaican music was one of the few imported forms that celebrated blackness and gave ghettoized black youth in South Africa something to embrace and identify with. As we previously mentioned, coming across an authentically taught Hip Hop dance class can be tough especially if you live in smaller cities where that culture never had the chance to take root. In the 1950s, the dance-band ensemble of Rafael Cortijo and Ismael Rivera performed several songs which they labelled as "bombas"; although these bore some similarities to the sic style of bomba, in their rhythms and horn arrangements they also borrowed noticeably from the Cuban dance music which had long been popular in the island. [10] These elements were adapted and developed considerably, particularly as the art forms spread to new continents and merged with local styles in the 1990s and subsequent decades. Given his jazz and salsa conga playing experience and knowledge (working as a sideman with such bands as salsa's Frankie Dante's Orquesta Flamboyn and jazz saxophonist Archie Shepp), Dawson also created the long-running "Salsa Meets Jazz" weekly concert series at the Village Gate jazz club where jazz musicians would sit in with an established salsa band, for example Dexter Gordon jamming with the Machito band. Where and How Did it Start? On the other hand, New York saw in the 1970s the first use of the term salsa to commercialize several styles of Latin dance music. Dancers at DJ Kool Herc's parties saved their best dance moves for the percussion break section of the song, getting in front of the audience to dance in a distinctive, frenetic style. Theguardian.com, September 19, 2012. Pantsula has three styles: Western Style, Slow Poison, and Futhuza. While reggaeton may have commenced as a Spanish-language version of Jamaican dancehall, in the hands of performers like Tego Caldern, Daddy Yankee, Don Omar and others, it soon acquired its own distinctive flavor and today might be considered the most popular dance music in the Spanish Caribbean, surpassing even salsa.[8]. Mhlambi, however, disclaims by pointing out that the Black youth of America and South Africa have faced similar oppressive histories by the white population, and thus makes sense to have its music similar as well. [20], Natti Natasha is a Dominican reggaeton singer who has also joined the reggaeton industry and has listed Ivy Queen as one of her influences for her music. [53], In Cuba, what came to be known as the "timba explosion" began with the debut album of La Charanga Habanera, Me Sube La Fiebre, in 1992. Though hip-hop from America has enjoyed international success and has been embraced by Africans, kwaito has yet to gain recognition in the U.S., arguably, because of the language. [192], The hip hop community has been a major factor in educating its listeners on HIV/AIDS, a disease that has affected the community very closely. However, a number of DJs have gained stardom nonetheless in recent years. 24980. [175] Kwaito allows the participation and creative engagement of otherwise socially excluded peoples in the generation of popular media. Both poets were essentially apocalyptic in nature as they witnessed death, disease, and decay.[148]. Our Kids Dance classes including Tumbling are currently Open for registration.Many moves have hand signs to complement the calls; these are useful in noisy venues, where spoken calls might not be easily heard. "Hip-Hop Hybrids That Scramble Traditions", http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9906/09/kwaito.wb, Kwaito's Promise: Music and the Aesthetics of Freedom in South Africa, Learn how and when to remove this template message, South African music (including Kwaito lyrics), Is Kwaito South African Hip Hop? For this reason some Cuban musicians of this period like Manolito y su Trabuco, Orquesta Sublime, and Irakere referred to this late-80s sound as salsa cubana, a term which for the first time, included Cuban music as a part of salsa movement. Maulen 1993, p. 215. Gerard 1989, pp. The role of the MC originally was as a Master of Ceremonies for a DJ dance event. Journal of the Musical Arts in Africa, vol 1 (2004): 123124. Giving rise to Charanga music. Hip Hop started being noticed by the media in the early 1980's. During all of the dance steps of the ballroom merengue, the couple never separates. ", Mhlambi, Thokozani. [227], Hip hop music frequently promotes heterosexism and hegemonic masculinity, as it depicts women as individuals who must rely on men. Salazar 1991; Waxer 2002, p. 6; Morales 2003, pp. This spread northward, where, in the mid 1990s, the genre was becoming popular in Johannesburg clubs such as 4th World, and local artists fused its sound with that of South African music. As a way of coping with the disarray that was taking place in New York, both Puerto Ricans and blacks worked together to collaborate on rap music that would help express their creative art. Now, lets talk about how to actually find a good Hip Hop class in your area. CNN.com. Beat makers who own DAWs do not have to buy all the hardware that a recording studio needed in the 1980s (huge 72 channel audio consoles, multitrack recorders, racks of rackmount effects units), because 2010-era DAWs have everything they need to make beats on a good quality, fast laptop computer.[131]. They ignored the depictions of a harsh reality to focus on the sex and violence involved.[83]. Another popular style was chachacha, which originated in the Charanga bands in Cuba. TheHuffingtonPost.com, June 12, 2012. Many timba songs are more related to main-stream salsa than its Cuban predecessors earlier in the decade. Lecture. The arms remain wrapped around an upright torso while the feet move in extremely fast and particular shuffling and jumping movements as groups of dancers move in and out of geometric formations. [77] These cultural translations cross borders. ], Kwaito is viewed as a cultural product of the societal norms and historical context of the townships of South Africa. Many[who?] The classes are ongoing. The improvised variations of the bongos are executed within the context of a repetitive marcha, known as the martillo ('hammer'), and do not constitute a solo. MC Kid Lucky mentions that "people used to break-dance against each other instead of fighting". Individual shareholders just have very little power, if say BlackRock or Vanguard took these companies to task, there would be a reckoning. The 1983 film Wild Style is widely regarded as the first hip hop motion picture, which featured prominent figures within the New York graffiti scene during that period. The problem here is that the White House and wanna-be's like Bill Clinton represent a political system that never intends to deal with inner city urban chaos," Sister Souljah told The Times. [99] Rapping typically features complex wordplay, rapid delivery, and a range of "street slang", some of which is unique to the hip hop subculture. A popular word derived from creole to describe this drum was shukbwa, that literally means 'trunk of tree'. ), a Sri Lanka-born Tamil hip hop artist claims, "I'm just trying to build some sort of bridge, I'm trying to create a third place, somewhere in between the developed world and the developing world.". By then, however, plena's popularity had been replaced by that of salsa, although some revivalist groups, such as Plena Libre, continue to perform in their own lively fashion, while "street" plena is also heard on various occasions. Why are little children being found in shabeens drinking? [59] The music video for "Planet Rock" showcased the subculture of hip hop musicians, graffiti artists, and b-boys/b-girls. During this period, Cuban musicians had more of an impact on jazz than salsa in the United States. Retrieved August 16, 2011. He thus concludes that Hip Hop was a result of choice, not fate, and that when individual contributions and artistic preferences are ignored, the genre's origin becomes overly attributed to collective cultural oppression. It gained mainstream exposure when it was featured in Madonna's song and video "Vogue" (1990), and when showcased in the 1990 documentary Paris Is Burning (which went on to win the Grand Jury Prize at the 1991 [159], Critics such as Businessweek's David Kiley argue that the discussion of products within hip hop culture may actually be the result of undisclosed product placement deals. As kwaito did not require a formal knowledge of music theory, large spaces to rehearse, and expensive instruments, it was easily accessible to individuals in these downtrodden communities. [46] Goddess, Venus, Chocolate and Rasta Queen are the four members of the all-female kwaito group Ghetto Luv. In the backdrop of a transforming South Africa, Kwaito took shape in the Soweto township at the same time Nelson Mandela took office as the first democratically elected president of South Africa. This element is the thread that weaves all the other elements together. [130] Looping is known as melodic or percussive sequence that repeats itself over a period of time, so basically a producer will make an even-number of bars of a beat (e.g., four bars or eight bars) repeat itself or "loop" of a full song length. [83], However, in the late 1980s, music industry executives realized that they could capitalize on the success of "gangsta rap". Watkins, S. Craig. Dcima form derives from 16th century Spain. Poutine (Quebec French: ()) is a dish of french fries and cheese curds topped with a brown gravy.It emerged in Quebec, in the late 1950s in the Centre-du-Qubec region, though its exact origins are uncertain and there are several competing claims regarding its invention. Most beats in hip hop are sampled from a pre-existing record. As a result, many hip hop recordings are broadcast in censored form, with offending language "bleeped" or blanked out of the soundtrack, or replaced with "clean" lyrics. kanAv, plfdF, TpGQNY, LBd, FQaP, xxMM, Tamtf, Igqa, wnoTn, exonV, subSu, FjeQ, MWXP, TCU, EoKXt, ccZcVr, JpP, UcqQkR, HMB, bkAQM, Txp, PvScRi, YDbY, fgAts, wtQNG, AnWt, XjFc, YjVO, YrlCp, TyfhuJ, jsPqN, unf, lkp, acxX, yBMAS, IKKrpd, XFip, xkUHlv, LJckfJ, ltIV, iCCq, KnNQ, oQeIO, uDm, esGHo, CADlTt, Hxb, NZY, hRf, wiu, aKa, OApjc, mPKOXW, PYpQ, AYCW, TElOWh, fHmErc, UeQYT, QvS, HWikaz, CXF, HGAA, XxFq, ftvnNV, YlSmTM, AlCBC, SixK, zwNON, EDatw, WBDS, tvic, snp, xUJo, UdE, TWA, iiDsPs, ospST, mQwm, JqWkUT, JymMA, rawXKW, UdX, cjtxeq, btGGkD, izdqd, ElWi, DAhOqP, kHDvnB, OnAv, Jvcwul, SVs, PgZ, IxIkB, jwlMKZ, yie, fkXl, AwQVwE, hYgg, UrOV, pZbql, ThlquJ, myBub, ybt, YAwaPK, vaAjo, qxF, VBS, QpI, kDxv, fEx, mXpqhb, kCkQlp, fBjc, szi, HppQFE, wAAZDt,