In some cases network operators may deploy a separate piece of hardware for each partner they need to enable with BNG or ISG functions. On the WAN Edge, connect to both transports for each WAN if possible. 6. All are connected to at least two transports, and the middle deployment is connected through a CE router in order to reach the MPLS transport. Within each feature template, you can use the same variable name for two different parameter values, but they will be treated like two separate variables. While you can create CLI-based templates, we recommend feature-based templates because they are modular, more scalable, and less error-prone. Once you install and activate release 18.3 on a vEdge router, after one week, all releases 18.1 and earlier are removed from the router and you cannot reinstall them. The control plane builds and maintains the network topology and makes decisions on where traffic flows. Note that if a firewall is positioned in front of a WAN Edge router, most traffic cannot be inspected by the firewall since the firewall sees AES 256-bit encrypted IPsec packets for WAN Edge router data plane connections and DTLS/TLS-encrypted packets for WAN Edge control plane connections. Regulatory Standards Compliance: Safety and EMC. For large-scale WAN Edge deployments, WAN Edge routers are often grouped within regions. Policy definition - The policy definitions control the aspects of control and forwarding. Information about Ciscos environmental sustainability policies and initiatives for our products, solutions, operations, and extended operations or supply chain is provided in the Environment Sustainability section of CiscosCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Report. Ensure the correct ports are opened within firewalls that reside between cluster members. The default BFD multiplier is 7, which means the tunnel is declared down after 7 consecutive hellos are lost. Capacity figures are provided for platforms running IOS XE 17.3.1 or newer releases configured with the control plane memory listed in Table 2. Note that the number of devices a vManage can support can vary greatly depending on a number of factors, such as the number of statistics and flows that may be generated, so additional vManage instances may need to be added depending on the network demands. Cisco NX-OS interoperates with any networking OS, including Cisco IOS Software, that conforms to the networking standards mentioned in this data sheet. Learn more about how Cisco is using Inclusive Language. It is recommended to deploy these at two different geographical locations to achieve redundancy. Connects remote offices with cloud (SaaS and IaaS) applications over an optimal path and through regional colocation/exchange points where security services can be applied. You can control which transport is used with the vmanage-connection-preference command under the tunnel interface on a WAN Edge. There are some limitations with the use of TLOC extensions: TLOC and TLOC extension interfaces are supported only on L3 routed interfaces. With packet duplication, the transmitting WAN Edge replicates all packets for selected critical applications over two tunnels at a time, and the receiving WAN Edge reconstructs critical application flows and discards the duplicate packets. When deploying a WAN Edge router for a site, the platform should be chosen and sized properly for traffic throughput and the number of tunnels supported, etc. WebRemote device (network switch/router) not falling back to other other authentication methods. This design contains 3 vBonds, 3 vSmarts, and 1 active and 1 standby vManage. Transports are tried one at a time, typically starting with the transport connected to the lowest port number. Term licenses may be purchased and used with Cisco CSR 1000v when deployed as a Bring- Your-Own-License (BYOL) instance on the Microsoft Azure cloud, Google Cloud Platform, and Amazon EC2 cloud. If OMP disappears, the redistributed route can then be installed in the routing table. What you choose to use for the vManage code version dictates what versions are supported for the various controllers and WAN Edge routers. In this example, controllers are centered in different geographical regions spread across the globe. Minimal controller design (<= 2000 devices). On WAN Edge routers, a color cannot be used on more than one interface, so a different color has to be assigned to each interface. To clear out a persistent connection before it times out (the default timeout is 30 seconds To find out if this is the case, disable look for keys. The routers also form a permanent DTLS or TLS control connection to the vManage server, but over just one of the transports. For 1 second hellos, the lowest application route poll-interval that should be deployed is 120 seconds. TCP optimization and Session Persistence: These features can address high latency and poor throughput for long-haul or high latency satellite links, for example. Cisco NX-OS modular processes are instantiated on demand, each in a separate protected memory space. Using Enterprise CA certificates require the Enterprise CA root chain to be installed on all SD-WAN devices, which can be manually installed or distributed automatically to WAN Edge devices via ZTP or PnP. With this service, you can take advantage of the Cisco Smart Call Home service capability, which offers proactive diagnostics and real-time alerts on your Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Switches. The .csv file method allows you to deploy a large number of WAN Edge routers quickly and more easily. Setting Ansible variable ansible_netconf_ssh_config either to True or custom ssh config file path, Setting environment variable ANSIBLE_NETCONF_SSH_CONFIG to True or custom ssh config file path, Setting ssh_config = 1 or ssh_config = under netconf_connection section. Since there is only one transport used for the connection to vManage, you can influence the transport preference by setting the vmanage-connection-preference parameter to a higher value under the tunnel interface. Product Overview. This prevents attempts to establish BFD sessions to TLOCs with different color. By default, IPsec tunnels are not formed between WAN Edge routers within the same site which share the same site-id. It is multitenant, cloud-delivered, highly automated, secure, scalable, and application-aware with rich analytics. When the restrict option is used with the color designation under the tunnel, the tunnel is restricted to only building tunnels to TLOCs of the same color. TCP is also connection-oriented, so firewalls can maintain the state of the connections and allow return traffic without explicitly having to allow the traffic. Learn more. Cisco CSR 1000v positioned as a WAN Gateway in a Multitenant Cloud. A typical cloud provides IT infrastructure and resources to multiple customers or tenants. A vulnerability in the authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) function of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass NETCONF or RESTCONF authentication and do either of the following: Install, manipulate, or delete the configuration of an affected device Cause memory corruption that results in a Cisco SD-WAN: Application-Aware Routing Deployment Guide. Through CLI, the command is allow-service [protocol] under the tunnel-interface. To help customers determine their exposure to vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software, Cisco provides the Cisco Software Checker to identify any Cisco Security Advisories that impact a specific software release and the earliest release that fixes the vulnerabilities described in each advisory (First Fixed). Note that the WAN Edge router first needs to connect to the vBond orchestrator over each of its transports before it can learn the IP addresses and authenticate to the vManage and vSmart controllers. Check the FastEthernet setting for PC1. Last updated on Nov 22, 2022. Alternatively, the tunnel can be configured on a loopback interface, and ECMP can be used to route the traffic out the physical interfaces to the transport network. Lineside to enhance the delivery of hosted SIP communications services. A zero value indicates that tunnel interface should never connect to vManage. Once a NAT translation occurs or a static one-to-one NAT is configured for a local IP address and port, any external host sourced from any port can send data to the local host through the mapped NAT IP address and port. With TCP optimization, a WAN Edge router acts as a TCP proxy between a client and server. Compare the organization name of the received certificate OU against the locally configured one (except when authenticating against WAN Edge hardware devices), 3. Local policy shaping and ACL - includes shaping, re-marking, and policer. We can help you reduce the total cost of ownership, conserve capital, and accelerate growth. For a vManage cluster, the following ports may be used on the cluster interface of the controllers. As a general rule, If the number of WAN Edge routers is 2000 or less, deploy a vManage in active mode as primary, and a vManage in standby mode as backup. BFD packets are marked with DSCP 48, which is equivalent to CS6 or IP Precedence 6. Similarly, cloud providers themselves can use it to offer enterprise-class networking services to their tenants or customers. For longer cable runs, multimode and single-mode optical SFP+ transceivers are supported. The Cisco SD-WAN subscriptions are aligned across three subscription licenses of DNA Essentials, DNA Advantage and DNA Premier, each expanding functionally. A policy applied to a site list in the inbound direction means that policy would affect routes coming from the sites on the site list and actions would be applied on the receive side of the vSmart controller. This connection type is commonly seen in branch sites. Its recommended to set this window size to the maximum of 4096. Organization Name is a name that is assigned to the SD-WAN overlay. The VRRP primary sends advertisements by default every second, and this timer is configurable. You should make copies of shared feature templates, then migrate IOS XE SD-WAN devices to device templates that reference these new feature templates. Copyright Ansible project contributors. Content updated for CUBE 14.0 (IOSXE 17.3.1), Router platform support, new codec, Microsoft Phone System support and version 14 licensing, Content updated for CUBE 12.8 (IOSXE 17.2.1), Added minimum memory requirements, new support for ISR1100 and updated scaling figures, Content fully updated for CUBE Version 12, View with Adobe Reader on a variety of devices, between any two different families of codecs from the following list, CiscoCollaboration Flex Plan Ordering Guide, Cisco Unified Border Element (CUBE) Management and Manageability Specification. Reference links to information about key environmental sustainability topics are provided in the following table: Information on product material content laws and regulations, Information on electronic waste laws and regulations, including products, batteries, and packaging. For the Internet transport, NAT is typically enabled so that the loopback interface IP address is routable. TCP ports originate on the WAN Edge from a random port number, and control connections to controllers with multiple cores have a different base port for each core, similar to the DTLS case. SD-WAN routers can be directly connected, connected through an L2 switch, or connected through an L3 switch/router. Table 4 summarizes the benefits that Cisco NX-OS Software offers. The customer is typically responsible for provisioning the controllers and responsible for backups and disaster recovery. The ZTP or PnP process cannot succeed without this. This switch is a true phy-less switch that is optimized for low latency and low power consumption. Product overview. Starting with Cisco IOS XE Release 17.1.1, the virtual Cisco Catalyst 9800-CL Wireless Controller for Cloud can be deployed in Microsoft Hyper-V, using an ISO file (downloaded from the Cisco website). Additionally, there is an option to use the bootstrap method, which applies to IOS XE SD-WAN routers only, where there is a configuration loaded via bootflash or a USB key in order to get the device onto the SD-WAN network which can be used when requirements for automated provisioning are not met. The Cisco Nexus 3064 switches provide the following main benefits: Wire-rate Layer 2 and 3 switching on all ports The Cisco Nexus 3064 switches provide Layer 2 and 3 switching of up to 1.2 Terabits per second (Tbps) and more than 950 million packets per second (mpps) in a compact 1RU Added information related to Catalyst Edge router platforms. The GTA market is VERY demanding and one mistake can lose that perfect pad. You found me for a reason. It is recommended to incorporate underlay and overlay routing at hub/data center sites only and avoid at branch sites if possible. To include AS-Path information for loop prevention, use the propagate-aspath command. Cloud call control products offer simple-to-provision-and-manage services. Some customers, such as financial institutions or government-based entities, may choose to run on-premise deployments mainly due to security compliance reasons. Its typically used to log into a remote machine to execute commands, but it can also be used in file transfer (SFTP) and secure copy (SCP) from and to all SD-WAN devices. If all the prompts in sequence are not received from remote host at the time connection initialization it will result in a timeout. Note that any number of connections made to the same vSmart controller is considered part of the same OMP session. One way to limit the number of tunnels at the branch sites is to configure a hub and spoke topology or partial mesh topology using centralized control policies or tunnel groups, ensuring the hub site WAN Edge routers can accommodate the required tunnel scale. (B) For MPLS, a WAN Edge router can be placed behind a CE router which connects to the MPLS transport. 100,200-299), and there is no wildcard support. If you do not select the checkbox to validate, all devices are Invalid by default, and you must configure each to Valid before a router can form control connections with the controllers and join the SD-WAN network. This is important if you want to ensure your WAN Edge devices connect to controllers in the same geographic region and helps ensure you connect to the proper vSmart controllers for redundancy. It is recommended to use vBond orchestrators in different geographic regions if managed from the cloud or in different geographic locations/data centers if deployed on-premise to maintain proper redundancy. The following are example use cases for using loopback tunnel interfaces: If the MPLS Service Provider IP address space is being filtered or the address isnt being advertised by the Service Provider, you cannot use the address space as the tunnel endpoint. You may see the following error if this value is too low: Option 1 (Global command timeout setting): As CUBE is offered as part of Cisco IOS XE Software, it may be used concurrently with industry-leading IP networking, security, and QoS features. This ensures they will always use public IP addresses to communicate with any WAN Edge devices. TLOC routes advertise TLOCs connected to the WAN transports, along with an additional set of attributes such as TLOC private and public IP addresses, carrier, preference, site ID, tag, weight, and encryption key information. Regardless, care should be taken to not mix the underlay network with the overlay network wherever possible. WAN Edge routers operate in active/active mode and run OSPF, BGP, or EIGRP (for IOS XE SD-WAN routers) between the WAN Edge router and LAN Switch/router. vSmart and vManage have a vBond configuration that points to the vBonds public IP address. Please refer to DNA Ordering Guide at: DNA Subscription Ordering Guide. You can interconnect these switches to build a multilayer topology for tap or SPAN aggregation infrastructure. Packets are placed in the low latency, high priority QoS queue (LLQ) before being transmitted on the wire but are not subjected to the LLQ policer. The metric with the lowest value is preferred. Colocation centers are public data centers where organizations can rent equipment space and connect to a variety of network and cloud service providers. task will fail if the command has not returned. Many sales people will tell you what you want to hear and hope that you arent going to ask them to prove it. WAN Edge routers connect to vManage over one of the transports. The Cisco NX-OS XML interface provides a consistent API for devices. In each data center, a pair of WAN Edge routers, one primary and one secondary, is deployed for each site group. While the interoperability of both platforms is supported, there may be slight differences in application classification, so this might affect the policies that are created. Controllers can be deployed in several different ways. For more details about the Cisco Nexus Data Broker visit https://www.cisco.com/go/nexusdatabroker. It also focuses on NAT, Firewall, and other deployment planning considerations. OMP routes are assigned an admin distance of 250 for vEdge routers, and 251 for IOS XE SD-WAN routers, so the routes at the local site take precedence. WebEl Protocolo simple de administracin de red o SNMP (del ingls Simple Network Management Protocol) es un protocolo de la capa de aplicacin que facilita el intercambio de informacin de administracin entre dispositivos de red. The following diagram shows a vSmart controller interface addressed with a private (RFC 1918) IP address, but a firewall translates that address into a publicly routable IP address that WAN Edge routers use to reach it. It is responsible for traffic forwarding, security, encryption, quality of service (QoS), routing protocols such as Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), and more. Cisco Smart Call Home and Cisco Online Health Management System (OHMS) are some of the features that enhance the serviceability of Cisco NX-OS. Track on a prefix list In this case, one or more prefixes are tracked in a list. In the absence of NAT, the private and public IP address of the SD-WAN device are the same. It maintains a secure connection to each WAN Edge router and distributes routes and policy information via the Overlay Management Protocol (OMP), acting as a route reflector. For the vManage server, snapshots should be taken, and the database backed up regularly. If you want to increase this value, use the ecmp-limit OMP parameter on the WAN Edge router to change it. 1. It is assigned to the system interface that resides in VPN 0 and is never advertised. The private IP address is the IP address assigned to the interface of the SD-WAN device. On the LAN side, connect interfaces to the same switch the CE routers connect with (Core or WAN Services block). A site could be a data center, a branch office, a campus, or something similar. vManage and WAN Edge routers act as clients when connecting to vSmart controllers, so when using TLS, their source ports are random TCP ports > 1024. Remote site routers can have full tunnel connectivity to all of the head-end routers or they can be filtered using centralized control policies depending on the VPNs being serviced. The Cisco Nexus 3064-T and 3064-32T support IEEE 802.3an standard cables and transceivers to provide 10Gbps connections over unshielded or shielded twisted-pair cables, over distances of up to 330 feet (100meters). Over time, demand for Internet traffic has been increasing as more companies are utilizing cloud services for their applications and more applications are becoming Internet-based. When it authenticates to a vSmart controller, it establishes an OMP session and then learns the routes, including prefixes, TLOCs, and service routes, encryption keys, and policies. There are two main options for this: Track on OMP In this case, the OMP sessions to the vSmart routers are monitored and when the sessions are lost, a new VRRP primary is elected. Cisco Event Response: September 2021 Semiannual Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software Security Advisory Bundled Publication. Traffic that enters the router is assigned to a VPN, which not only isolates user traffic, but also provides routing table isolation. Cisco IOS-XE Release 16.5.1 and Later Releases. You may get errors when you push unsupported features from vManage to those devices. You cannot install a software version release 17.2 or earlier on a vEdge router running release 18.2.0 or later. Note that TLOC extensions can be separate physical interfaces or subinterfaces (if bandwidth allows). The license tiers are structured to support the growth in business needs through simple subscriptions that help simplify the journey to intent-based networking for the WAN. Part of the Cisco Collaboration Edge Architecture, Cisco Unified Border Element (CUBE) version 14 is an enterprise-class Session Border Controller (SBC) solution that makes it possible to connect and interwork large, midsize, and small business unified communications networks with public and private IP communication services. As a licensed feature set of Cisco IOS XE Software, CUBE has a wide range of capabilities that may be used to secure, monitor, and maintain business-critical connections and to ensure compliance with industry standards. It extends full SD-WAN capabilities into the cloud and extends a common policy framework across the SD-WAN fabric and cloud. Target a test site or multiple test sites and put those WAN Edge routers into the first upgrade group. The entire Cisco SD-WAN implementation on the CSR 1000v may be implemented by managing the end device either from the Cloud or On-Premise through ascending levels of throughput based licenses. Each vSmart controller is assigned to a controller group. With an XML interface and a Command-Line Interface (CLI) like that of Cisco IOS Software, Cisco NX-OS provides state-of-the-art implementations of relevant networking standards as well as a variety of true data center-class Cisco innovations. By default, OMP only advertises the best route or routes in the case of equal-cost paths. 4. Cisco certificates or Enterprise CA certificates could alternatively be used. TLOCs that belong inside the region are not permitted in the network between regions, and in order for a WAN Edge router in one region to send traffic to another WAN Edge router in a different region, traffic must traverse the hub routers. A site ID is a unique identifier of a site in the SD-WAN overlay network with a numeric value 1 through 4294967295 (2^32-1) and it identifies the source location of an advertised prefix. vBNG allows service providers to deploy the CSR 1000v in virtual PPP Terminated Access (vPTA) or L2TP Network Server (vLNS) mode for fixed wireline deployments. When the controllers authenticate each other and WAN Edge devices, they generally: 1. If one device is configured for TLS and another device is configured for DTLS, TLS is chosen for the control connection between the two devices. As each site is deployed, the control plane is established first, automatically followed by the data plane. The WAN Edge router attempts to connect to the vBond orchestrator and discover the other network controllers from there. In order to use a bastion or intermediate jump host to connect to network devices over cli # Run with 4*v for connection level verbosity, 2017-03-30 13:19:52,740 p=28990 u=fred | creating new control socket for host veos01:22 as user admin, 2017-03-30 13:19:52,741 p=28990 u=fred | control socket path is /home/fred/.ansible/pc/ca5960d27a, 2017-03-30 13:19:52,741 p=28990 u=fred | current working directory is /home/fred/ansible/test/integration, 2017-03-30 13:19:52,741 p=28990 u=fred | using connection plugin network_cli, 2017-03-30 13:20:14,771 paramiko.transport userauth is OK. 2017-03-30 13:20:15,283 paramiko.transport Authentication (keyboard-interactive) successful! Advanced buffer monitoring reports real-time buffer use per port and per queue, which allows organizations to monitor traffic bursts and application traffic patterns. Cisco NX-OS is a data center-class operating system built with modularity, resiliency, and serviceability at its foundation. The following use cases are associated with this category: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): IaaS delivers network, compute, and storage resources to end users on-demand, available in a public cloud (such as AWS or Azure) over the Internet. CUBE supports high-capacity SIP media connectivity to the Cisco Webex cloud to replace expensive TDM audio connections to conferencing services. Cisco Router (with SUDI): A device certificate signed by Cisco is installed during the manufacturing process which uses the SHA 256 algorthm. You can activate an older image already installed, however. SD-WAN: Secure Direct Cloud Access for Cisco IOS-XE SD-WAN Devices Deployment Guide: SD_WAN: Secure Direct Internet Access for Cisco IOS-XE SD-WAN Devices Deployment Guide: SD-WAN: Secure Guest Access for Cisco IOS-XE SD-WAN Devices Deployment Guide. When creating site ID lists for the purpose of applying policy definitions, you must not overlap site IDs in different lists. A vulnerability in the authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) function of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass NETCONF or RESTCONF authentication and do either of the following: This vulnerability is due to an uninitialized variable. If a vManage has 4 vCPUs (which translates to 4 cores), there will be 4 total control connections maintained from the vManage to each vBond, one from each core. OMP runs between WAN Edge routers and vSmart controllers and also as a full mesh between vSmart controllers. See Unicast Overlay Routing Overview for additional information on OMP routing and path selection. There are a few requirements for automated device provisioning: With the hardware vEdge appliances, only certain ports are pre-configured by default to be a DHCP client interface and can be used for ZTP. In the following common example, source NAT is used to change the source private (RFC 1918) IP address A of a packet to a publicly routable source IP address Z so the host can get connectivity to an Internet-based server (Host B). Application visibility allows data traffic to be inspected and analyzed in detail and allows protocols and applications to be learned and classified using advanced techniques such as stateful inspection and behavioral and statistical analysis. Each trunk license enables a single call session in addition to a single forked media session for recording where required. When configuring centralized policy in the vManage GUI, there are three main components: Lists - Lists are used to group related items so you can reference them as a group. The link with the lowest cost is the preferred path. Policy (optional) - Attach a localized policy. The default value is 5. The automated provisioning procedure starts when the WAN Edge router is powered up for the first time. Legacy networking technology has become increasingly expensive and complex, and it cannot For more information, please visit https://www.cisco.com/go/nexus3000. The following figure are two examples of an on-premise deployment. vManage will then modify the configuration of the targeted WAN Edge devices in the database and then push out the entire configuration to the intended WAN Edge routers on the network. It is recommended to minimize the number of connections made to the vSmart controllers yet still maintain a good level of redundancy. Each controller also supports up to 2700 OMP sessions, and 256K routes. This policy is unidirectional and can be applied to a site list in an inbound or outbound direction. Backhauling traffic to a central site causes increased bandwidth utilization for the security and network devices and links at the central site, as well as increased latency which has an impact on application performance. This ID must be configured on every WAN Edge device, including the controllers, and must be the same for all WAN Edge devices that reside at the same site. In addition, lowering these timers can affect overall scale and performance of the WAN Edge router. The network ports that connect to the underlay network are part of VPN 0, the transport VPN. In addition, security needs are increasing and applications are requiring prioritization and optimization, and as this complexity grows, there is a push to reduce costs and operating expenses. It discusses the architecture and components of the solution, including control plane, data plane, routing, authentication, and onboarding of SD-WAN devices. You can also choose from a wide range of host platforms to suit scale, performance, resiliency, and budget requirements (see Table 2). Cisco Nexus 3064-32T (Figure 2): This switch is the Cisco Nexus 3064-T with 32 10GBASE-T ports and 4QSFP+ ports enabled. Operational capacity is dependent on various factors, such as call presentation rate, call type (for example, call center or standard IP telephony), transcoding, encryption, and media forking. Each Lineside license enables registration proxy and survivability features for one local SIP endpoint. WAN Edge router - This device, available as either a hardware appliance or software-based router, sits at a physical site or in the cloud and provides secure data plane connectivity among the sites over one or more WAN transports. Note that by default, the connected, static and OSPF (intra-area and inter-area) route types are automatically distributed from service-side VPNs into OMP. The following Cisco SD-WAN capabilities helps to address application performance optimization: Application-Aware Routing: Application-aware routing allows the ability to create customized SLA-policies for traffic and measures real-time performance taken by BFD probes. Consistency assists in easier configuration and troubleshooting. Cisco SD-WAN vManage and vSmart controllers initially contact and authenticate to the vBond controller, forming persistent DTLS connections, and then subsequently establish and maintain persistent DTLS/TLS connections with each other. Administrator-triggered failover (vManage cluster) (recommended) Starting in the 19.2 version of vManage code, the administrator-triggered disaster recovery switchover option can be configured. Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) gateway: The CSR 1000v can participate in a VXLAN network serving as a VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint (VTEP), and therefore as a termination point for VXLAN Network Identifiers (VNIs). If the host doesnt already have a valid SSH key, by default Ansible will prompt to add the host key. It is recommended to have a port-numbering scheme that is consistent throughout the network. In traditional WAN, Internet traffic from a branch site is backhauled to a central data center site, where the traffic can be scrubbed by a security stack before the return traffic is sent back to the branch. log data can contain sensitive information including passwords in plain text it is disabled by default. In those cases, WAN Edge routers can scale horizontally. The associated SDK libraries implement a substantial set of operational. Protocols Allowed Through the Tunnel Interface. The data plane is responsible for forwarding packets based on decisions from the control plane. One vManage in the cluster could be disabled but the rest of the cluster could support the WAN Edge devices. Deployment flexibility. Flexible payment solutions to help you achieve your objectives. Note that if there is a vManage cluster, each vManage signs a certificate for the device and distributes the corresponding root certificate. The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. The secure sessions between the WAN Edge routers and the controllers (and between controllers), by default are DTLS, which is User Datagram Protocol (UDP)-based. Each controller is addressed with a private IP address, and the virtual gateway applies 1-to-1 NAT by translating each private controller address into a separate publicly routable IP address for reachability across the Internet. Cisco SD-WAN is a set of intelligent software services that allow you to reliably and securely connect users, devices, branch office locations, and cloud deployments across a diverse set of WAN transport links. The following illustrates different L2 and L3 TLOC extension deployments. For more information on Cisco SD-WAN please refer to https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/software/one-wan-subscription/index.html. option in the Ansible configuration file or by setting the ANSIBLE_LOG_PATH. To determine whether a device has a vulnerable configuration, do the following: To determine whether AAA authentication is configured on the device, use the show running-config | include aaa authentication login command, as shown in the following example: To determine whether NETCONF or RESTCONF is configured on the device, use the show running-config | include netconf|restconf command, as shown in the following example: To determine whether enable password is configured on the device without the presence of an enable secret, use the show running-config | include enable password|secret command, as shown in the following example: Note: If enable secret is being used without the presence of enable password, the device is not affected. In software, the following root certificates are present: Digicert (formerly Symantec) Root Chain: To trust other controller certificates, Avnet Root Chain: To trust vEdge router certificates, Cisco Root Chain: To trust Cisco SUDI router certificates, Viptela Root Chain (vManage): To trust WAN Edge virtual routers and Cisco routers without SUDI certficates. The Symantec/Digicert and Cisco root certificates are pre-loaded in software for trust for the controllers certificates. Ensure vManage and the controllers are at the proper code version before bringing the WAN Edge routers onto the targeted code version. The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. You may need to consider enabling ntp and dns on all SD-WAN devices and netconf on controllers. The vBond orchestrator also informs the vSmart controllers and vManage of the new WAN Edge router wanting to join the domain. Bandwidth Augmentation: Allows customers to increase WAN bandwidth by leveraging all available WAN transports and routing capabilities to distribute traffic across available paths in an active/active fashion. These features include a secure web gateway, DNS-layer security, cloud-delivered firewall, cloud access security broker functionality, and threat intelligence. A System IP is a persistent, system-level IPv4 address that uniquely identifies the device independently of any interface addresses. The actual number of devices supported by vManage would depend on the statistics and DPI requirements, so design validation could also be useful in this case. NOTE: the delimiter string ]]>]]> at the end of the response signifies the end of the message. The vBond orchestrators should be updated after the vManage server and before the vSmart controllers. See the Authentication and connection issues section Variables with the same name in different templates are also different variables and you cannot share them across templates. Application visibility is a key component of SD-WAN and an enabler of several use cases. The following diagrams illustrate how different devices authenticate with each other using Symantec/Digicert or Cisco certificates. Traffic can be offloaded from higher quality, more expensive circuits like MPLS to broadband circuits which can achieve the same availability and performance for a fraction of the cost. Rich analytics with visibility into applications and infrastructure, which enables rapid troubleshooting and assists in forecasting and analysis for effective resource planning. Control policy - Operates on the control plane traffic and influences the routing paths in the network. Step-by-Step Procedure. Table 4. Nexus 3064-X, 48 SFP+ and 4 QSFP+ ports, with enhanced scale, low latency, Nexus 3064-T, 48 10GBase-T and 4 QSFP+ ports, Nexus 3064-32T, 32 10GBase-T and 4 QSFP+ ports, Nexus 3064 Fan Module, Forward airflow (port side exhaust), Nexus 3064 Fan Module, Reversed airflow (port side intake), N2K/3K 400W AC Power Supply, Forward airflow (port side exhaust), N2K/3K 400W AC Power Supply, Reversed airflow (port side intake), Nexus 3064-T 500W AC PSU, Forward airflow (port side exhaust), Nexus 3064-T 500W AC PSU, Reverse airflow (port side intake), N2K/3K 400W DC Power Supply, Forward airflow (port side exhaust), N3K Series 350W DC Power Supply, Reversed airflow (port side intake), Nexus 3000 Layer 3 LAN Enterprise License (Requires N3K-BAS1K9 License), License for Tap/SPAN aggregation using Cisco Nexus Data Broker, Factory installed 32 Port license for N3064-32T, Nexus 3064 Fan Module, Forward airflow (port side exhaust), Spare, Nexus 3064 Fan Module, Reversed airflow (port side intake), Spare, N2K/3K 400W AC Power Supply, Forward airflow (port side exhaust), Spare, N2K/3K 400W AC Power Supply, Reversed airflow (port side intake), Spare, Nexus 3064-T 500W AC PSU, Forward airflow (port side exhaust), Spare, Nexus 3064-T 500W AC PSU, Reverse airflow (port side intake), Spare, N2K/3K 400W DC Power Supply, Forward airflow (port side exhaust), Spare, N3K Series 350W DC Power Supply, Reversed airflow (port side intake), Spare, Nexus 3064-X, Forward Airflow (port side exhaust), AC P/S, Base and LAN Enterprise License Bundle, Nexus 3064-X, Reversed Airflow (port side intake), AC P/S, Base and LAN Enterprise License Bundle, Nexus 3064-X, Forward Airflow (port side exhaust), DC P/S, Base and LAN Enterprise License Bundle, Nexus 3064-X, Reversed Airflow (port side intake), DC P/S, Base and LAN Enterprise License Bundle, Nexus 3064-T, Forward Airflow (port side exhaust), AC P/S, Base and LAN Enterprise License Bundle, Nexus 3064-T, Reversed Airflow (port side intake), AC P/S, Base and LAN Enterprise License Bundle, 40GBASE-SR4 QSFP Transceiver Module with MPO Connector, QSFP 4x10GBASE-SR Transceiver Module, MPO, 300M, QSFP to 4xSFP10G Passive Copper Splitter Cable, 1m, QSFP to 4xSFP10G Passive Copper Splitter Cable, 3m, QSFP to 4xSFP10G Passive Copper Splitter Cable, 5m. In the SD-WAN overlay, virtual private networks (VPNs) provide segmentation, much like Virtual Routing and Forwarding instances (VRFs) that many are already familiar with. Be sure to fully understand the security implications of enabling this option. 3. This allows you to use a single feature template for multiple routers with slight configuration differences, as opposed to defining separate feature templates altogether. Note that the following only illustrates certificates used in this authentication example. Once feature templates are configured, the device template configuration is completed by referencing the desired feature template in each configuration category (system, AAA, BFD, VPN, VPN interface, etc.). Note that typically: Controllers and WAN Edge devices act as clients to initiate connections with the vBond, which acts as a server, vManage controllers act as clients to initiate connections with the vSmart, which acts as a server, vSmart controllers act as clients to initiate connections with other vSmart controllers and the one with the highest public IP address acts as a server, WAN Edge devices act as clients to initiate connections with vManage and vSmart controllers, which act as servers, For information on deploying certificates for the Cisco SD-WAN solution, refer to the Cisco SD-WAN Controller Certificates and Authorized Serial Number File Deployment Guide at https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/td/docs/solutions/CVD/SDWAN/cisco-sd-wan-certificates-deploy-2019sep.pdf. SNMP (optional) - Configure SNMP parameters, including SNMP device name and location, SNMP version, views, and communities, and trap groups. There are four major use case categories for the Cisco SD-WAN solution: Secure connectivity between remote offices, data centers, and public/private cloud over a transport independent network, Improves the application experience for users at remote offices, Locally offloads Internet traffic at the remote office. It is used to define the Organization Unit (OU) field to match in the Certificate Authentication process when an SD-WAN device is brought into the overlay network. Other NAT types can be used at branches, but symmetric NAT can cause issues for data plane connections with other sites, so exercise caution when deploying. vSmart controller: The vSmart controller maintains a persistent connection to each active vManage server and every other vSmart controller, and each vSmart controller core (up to 8) maintains a persistent connection with each vBond orchestrator. In addition to bringing enterprise-class networking services and security to public cloud environments, the Cisco CSR 1000v can be used as a building block for scalable network service offerings. It can run on Cisco Unified Computing System. See network proxy guide for more information. The 64-way Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP) routing enables Layer 3 fat tree designs and allows organizations to prevent network bottlenecks, increase resiliency, and add capacity with little network disruption. Some root certificate chains are pre-loaded or automatically installed, and others, like the Enterprise root CA, must be installed by an administrator. This sample topology depicts two WAN Edge sites, each directly connected to a private MPLS transport and a public Internet transport. You should consider enabling ssh on controllers while you are deploying them for certificate installation purposes. The value of ansible_terminal_initial_prompt_checkall should be set to True. For the IP Base, Security, AppX, and AX Licenses software updates, 24-hour support from the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC), and access to technical documentation and more on the Cisco.com support website can be purchased separately. Configurations and policies are applied to WAN Edge routers and vSmart controllers which enable traffic to flow between the data center and the branch or between branches. There are no additional options. When a WAN Edge router connects to a vManage cluster, the control connection is hashed to one vManage instance and does not need to establish connections with all members. Cisco IOS XE Software is based on the stable, robust, and feature-rich Cisco IOS Software that has powered Cisco ISRs and other hardware routers in demanding enterprise, service provider, and government networks for more than two decades. To save costs and become more agile, businesses small and large are increasingly virtualizing their data center infrastructures and applications. Some differences and limitations may be pointed out in the guide, but be certain to check the hardware/software/feature compatibility tool at https://content.cisco.com/compatibilitymatrix.html for support information before planning your SD-WAN deployment. Note that before the VRRP primary is elected, the OMP hold timer must expire. Table 9 specifies the Cisco CSR 1000v licenses compatible with the Amazon EC2 cloud, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform for the Cisco IOS XE Software. The figure below illustrates the anti-replay feature. The cloud provider also lacks all the components of an end-to-end managed connectivity service offering to its customers, including Quality of Service (QoS), application visibility, and Service-Level Agreements (SLAs). By default, a WAN Edge router will connect to two vSmart controllers over each transport. This approach replaces the traditional purpose-built matrix switches with these switches. The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. For the vBond orchestrator, although more VPNs can be configured, only VPN 0 and 512 are functional and the only ones that should be used. Each device uses a One Time Password (OTP)/Token that is generated by vManage and configured during device deployment for the purpose of a temporary identity. vManage uses NETCONF for communication with SD-WAN devices, primarily over DTLS/TLS, but there are a few situations where NETCONF is used natively before DTLS/TLS connections are formed: When any controller (vManage, vBond, or vSmart) is added to vManage, a vManage instance uses NETCONF to retrieve information from them and allows them to be added as devices into the GUI. The starting point index into the DNS list is determined by a hash function. It requires reachability to the Internet in order to connect to the controllers. For example, once you have identified the pid from the creating new control socket for host line you can search for other connection log entries: Ansible includes logging of device interaction in the log file to help diagnose and troubleshoot Voice has a 300ms trip latency budget before the human ear can detect it, which in most cases is not an issue while migrating. The Cisco Nexus 3064 switches deliver ultra-low nominal latency that allows customers to implement highperformance infrastructure for High-Frequency Trading (HFT) workloads. Using default settings, the best case is an out-of-threshold condition that occurs after 1 poll interval is completed (10 minutes) and in the worst case, it occurs after 6 poll intervals are completed (60 minutes). The following illustrates the device and root certificates installed for authentication for various Cisco SD-WAN devices. If there are multiple interfaces connected to the same transport (for the purpose of more bandwidth, for example), different colors must be used on each transport since a specific color cannot be assigned to more than one interface on a WAN Edge router. Cisco Cloud-Hosted Deployment (recommended). The Cisco Cloud Services Router 1000v (CSR 1000v) is a virtual-form-factor router that delivers comprehensive WAN gateway and network services functions into virtual and cloud environments. As SD-WAN has evolved, additional network paths to access SaaS applications are possible, including Direct Internet Access and access through regional gateways or colocation sites. If you are using the provider: options ensure that its suboption host: is set correctly. There are multiple, flexible controller deployment options available for customers. Customers should have the product serial number available and be prepared to provide the URL of this advisory as evidence of entitlement to a free upgrade. If the configuration variable is set to file path the proxycommand and other ssh variables are read Invalid: The router is not authorized in the SD-WAN network, so no control connections form with the controllers. When installed and operational, a CSR 1000v-based route reflector with 16 GB of memory can maintain 24 million IPv4 routes or 21 million IPv6 routes. Table 7. This security stack support eliminates the need to have additional security hardware deployed and supported at a remote site. Policy application - The policy is applied to a site list. 1. To affect traffic distribution of underlay routing and direct Internet access, the configuration changes are made in the transport VPN (VPN 0). Typically, all that is needed for routing in VPN 0 is a default route specifying the next hop IP address for each transport. The WAN Edge routers form a permanent Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) control connection to the vSmart controllers and connect to both of the vSmart controllers over each transport. When designing configuration templates, it is helpful to think about how operations may interact with the templates on a day-to-day basis. Cisco Smart Net Total Care technical support for the Cisco ISR 1000 Series is available on a one-time or annual contract basis. Grouping according to geography is helpful in cases where you might want to prefer a regional data center over another for centralized Internet access or for connectivity to hubs in other countries and regions. vManage is the Cisco SD-WAN centralized GUI that allows to manage the SD-WAN network from end to end from a single dashboard. The WAN Edge routers securely communicate to other WAN Edge routers using IPsec tunnels over each transport. Cisco Nexus 3064 Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver Support Matrix, GE SFP, LC connector SX transceiver (MMF), GE SFP, LC connector LX/LH transceiver (SMF), 1000BASE-BX10-U upstream bidirectional single fiber; with DOM, 1000BASE-BX10-D downstream bidirectional single fiber; with DOM. In software, the Digicert root chain is present in order to trust controller certificates. The OMP routing protocol, which has a structure similar to BGP, manages the SD-WAN overlay network. When QoS is configured, it will automatically create unique sequence number spaces for each class defined, up to eight for the IOS XE SD-WAN router. The routing protocols can be modified to prefer one WAN Edge over the other as primary for traffic. Further, CUBE provides a rich set of flexible session control features to secure and route traffic to different destinations and to apply policing and Quality-of-Service (QoS) policies. globally. Troubleshooting and diagnostics: Cisco NX-OS is built with unique serviceability functions to allow network operators to take early action based on network trends and events, enhancing network planning and improving network operations center (NOC) and vendor response times. 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