Previous https://repl.it/@HarveyH/Random-Number-Generator-v101, https://repl.it/@HarveyH/Random-Number-Generator, https://repl.it/@Pepper100/Random-Number-Generator-2#main.py. Please bear with me. Many puzzle games such as the 15 puzzle game need a way to randomize the order of the pieces. This algorithm combines the power of these two operations. I think you should watch your tone. To get any random number we have to first import random module. I was struck dumb when I found out that there are not 1, not 2 but 28 different algorithms created by very smart people over the past 7 decades. The Generator provides access to a wide range of distributions, and served as a replacement for RandomState. It's absurd.). This fascinating algorithm uses more math than MSM. This is great if your range is equal to the number of elements you need in the end (e.g. These are the things you need to keep in mind when passing numbers to the VBA Rnd function: If you pass the VBA Rnd function a number less than 0, it will generate the same random number, using whatever negative value you pass it as the seed number. (because thats what the purpose of a code is). There is a well established algorithm that does this called the Fisher-Yates Shuffle. It means its a fake. When generated according to the standard methods, UUIDs are, for practical purposes, unique. It's quite easy to experimentally check this, by feeding the output back into the input, and checking that it produces a complete cycle of length 232-1 (zero just maps to zero). email is in use. */, /** ;-). AES-FFX is one proposed standard method to achieve this. How many transistors at minimum do you need to build a general-purpose computer? A True RNG needs additional hardware that can use real-world random phenomena from throwing dice to measuring radiation from a radioactive material as an input to generate random numbers. Post, Creative Commons By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. So, heres my implementation in JS to help them. I'm sorry but suggesting to "take first 3/4/5 characters of the hash" when you want a genuinely unique number. * for a 2-digit random number sequence 64 or 128 bits. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page. examples/python/fixed_seed/single_random.py. Take a moment to let that sink in. Computers store the positive and negative numbers (called signed integers) as binary numbers in 2s compliment from. choices()takes a list and the number of random numbers you want to generate. Code: Python. Functions in the random module rely on a pseudo-random number generator function random(), which generates a random float number between 0.0 and 1.0.These particular type of functions is used in a lot of games, lotteries, or any application requiring a random number generation. Hi, I am making a random number generator! urllib vs urllib2 in Python - fetch the content of 404 or raise exception? Random draws are as simple as they sound. Meaning, 0s are made to 1s and vice versa. A universally unique identifier (UUID) is a 128-bit label used for information in computer systems. That is why its called a pseudo random number generator (PRNG). sequence of events while they are (almost) randomly created. I can't prove mathmatically that this works (been too long since those particular classes), but it's demonstrably correct with smaller primes: You could also prove it empirically with 9-digit primes, it'd just take a bit more work (or a lot more memory). Akin to the MSM the result is used as the seed for the next cycle. This can reduce the performance with the inclusion of a condition. Generate random numbers without repeating a value is a draft programming task. Whoa! can just filter out all the numbers that are outside the range of interest. random list of duplicates numbers python. */. Just two! Problem is I'd like to avoid having to store a list of numbers (and thus read the file, pop one off the top, save the file and close it). The LCG uses a linear equation that involves congruence operation for the generation of a random sequence of numbers. If he had met some scary fish, he would immediately return to the surface. encryption and that they are Representation of 1-bit shift left operation in a 8 bit system. If you have three or more serials the next number would be fairly easy to guess, no matter what your primes are. Note that you should use random.seed () to set the random "seed". https://repl.it/@HarveyH/Random-Number-Generator. I was wrong. There is no in-built function to perform this task. Anyone have any clever ideas that will reduce the chances of a "collision" (i.e. I'd rethink the problem itself You don't seem to be doing anything sequential with the numbers and you've got an index on the column which has them. @Johan: Not if the prime numbers are really large. The method reads a line of text. Square it. 1. random () Function. If you are so clever , try to make SHA256 hash break then. Here are some usage examples: itersample generates non-repeating random integers, storage need is limited to picked numbers, and the time needed to pick n numbers should be (as some tests confirm) O(n log(n)), regardelss of maximal. nine digits: Treat yourself to 3 more digits, so you have 12-digit serial numbers (that's three groups of four digits nice and readable). Representation of 1-bit shift right operation in a 8 bit system. [2][3] Linear congruential generator, Wikipedia. **/. In a nutshell that means that the numbers seem to be random and can be used for various applications as if they were The result is a completely different number. Creating a list of random numbers without duplicates in python Try using a while loop with a condition that checks for the length of lis while len (lis) < 5: instead of your for loop Generating random numbers without repeating.C# Check each number that you generate against the previous numbers: List<int> listNumbers = new List<int> (); int number; This is the starting point for the random number generator. Answer (1 of 6): There are two kinds of random sampling: with replacement and without replacement. 4) Suck it up and generate the random list and save it, have a daemon put them into a Queue so there are numbers available (and avoid constantly opening and closing a file, batching it instead). 3) Generate a random number and then check if it has already been used. The underlying implementation in C is both fast and threadsafe. Most databases support such a request. Here is an implementation in C#. Generating a Single Random Number. To simulate a dice roll, the range should be 1 to 6 for a standard six-sided dice. Answer, it doesnt. It might also be worth looking into URL shortening services and Git, both of which have been doing this for quite some time now. The content must be between 30 and 50000 characters. How to insert a dictionary in another dictionary in Python (How to merge two dictionaries), List Comprehension vs Generator Expressions in Python, Plain function or Callback - An example in Python. * Implementation of the Linear congruential generator Wouldn't it then be easier to store all the numbers there, and ask the database for a random unused number? Generate random numbers without repetition in Python By Manam Sampath Kumar Reddy In this tutorial, we will learn how to get non-repeating random numbers in Python. How do you generate a random number in python without using the library? Print HTML links using Python HTML Parser, Extract HTML links using Python HTML Parser, Python Weekly statistics (using urllib2, HTMLParser and pickle), for-else in Python indicating "value not found", Create your own interactive shell with cmd in Python, Traversing directory tree using walk in Python - skipping .git directory, Python: avoid importing everything using a star: *, Python package dependency management - pip freeze - requirements.txt and constraints.txt, Create images with Python PIL and Pillow and write text on them, Python: get size of image using PIL or Pillow, Write text on existing image using Python PIL - Pillow, Showing speed improvement using a GPU with CUDA and Python with numpy on Nvidia Quadro 2000D. guessing the next one that will come up). * Implementation of XorShift As that time always changes the casual viewer would see random numbers. The third algorithm in the list is the Xorshift algorithm. Step3: Initialize some variable to an empty string which stores the resultant random number. Mathematica cannot find square roots of some matrices? https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/pseudo-random-number-generator-prng/. e.g. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. The constants 13, 17 and 5 in the algorithm is from the list of triplets suggested in the paper describing the Xor-shift algorithm 4. python create a random array of integers without duplicates create a random list of numbers with no duplicates generate a repeated number list in python generate random sequence of numbers python without duplicates how to choose two random elements from list python without repetition randomizing list and add duplicates python To create a list of random numbers without duplicates with Python, we can use the random.sample method. There is a problem with this approach. Thank you anyway! indeed random, but in fact they are just a really strange series of fixed numbers. Its really incredible to see a simple equation to achieve something this big. XOR - 00001001111101102 which is the equivalent of 255010. The random module provides various methods to select elements randomly from a list, tuple, set, string or a dictionary without any repetition. Generator objects are used either by calling the next method on the generator object or using the generator object in a "for in" loop (as shown in the above program). The term globally unique identifier (GUID) is also used.. You are stating that you store the numbers in a database. The best way to generate lists of random numbers without repeats * Input: * a range in [A, B] * Output: * a list of unique random numbers from A to B * . * Middle Square Method implementation in JavaScript You might ask. That's not a problem, you. Why not use the uuid module to create globally unique identifiers. With its jargons, the algorithm might seem sophisticated. The way to set this beginning in the random module of python is to call the random.seed() How bad are collisions? Very good 5ed - Suggestion of small improvement: When you generate your initial list you could use some "linq sugar" to make it even cleaner: System.Linq.Enumerable.Range(0, 5000); Well for relatively large list, this solution is not very efficient as you would make a lot of copying while removing items very poor performance if you do it like this. then you will be able to observe the same result twice. Invented by John von Neumann and described in 1946, the Middle Square Method (MSM) is the first-ever method designed to generate pseudo-random number sequences [1]. (after all, after having 4999 numbers selected there is only one possibility, but it may be generating any value, needing to try again, and again, and again). I'm a little fuzzy on the theory, but I think a 32-bit CRC should generate a unique value for every possible combination of 4-byte inputs. python get array of random numbers not. This post is read-only. Testing Python: Getting started with Pytest, Python testing with Pytest: Order of test functions - fixtures, Python: Temporary files and directory for Pytest, Mocking input and output for Python testing, Testing random numbers in Python using mocks, Python: fixing random numbers for testing, Python: PyTest fixtures - temporary directory - tmpdir, Caching results to speed up process in Python, Python unittest fails, but return exit code 0 - how to fix, Parsing test results from JUnit XML files with Python. The random () Python function generates a floating point random number between 0 and 1. That means you should not use them for certain types of applications, e.g. With just three lines of code, we could generate a maximum of 8n numbers for an n-digit number after which the sequence repeats itself. Our randomizer will pick a number from 1 through 10 at random. I dont like drawing random numbers until I get one which fits either. They need to be human readable (so serial numbers are better than (68123erghdqwoc which would let me express say MD5 in only 16 characters). This is the base number on which the formula is applied. spelling and grammar. Ive saved this special one for the last. You'll never get repeats, and can't get into the theoretical problem of the random number generator repeatedly picking a random number which has already been used. I looked in your code to see how close it was to mine, and your randint command was the same as mine, but with different variables. If you start from the same place in the series twice, then you get the exact same "random" numbers. Even with 50% of numbers taken you'll on average need 2 iterations and have one in a billion chance of requiring more than 30 checks. This does mean that given a few serial numbers, it'd be possible to figure out what your values are--but with only nine digits, it's not likely that you're going for unguessable numbers anyway. random.uniform () is used to get a random number, The uniform () returns random floating-point numbers between the two given numbers. 6) Prepend or append time based information to the random number (i.e. Generate random number between two numbers in JavaScript. Excel has three random value functions: RAND (), RANDBETWEEN (), and RANDARRAY (). @bigredbob: I get that. In 2s complement, A binary number say 11111111 11010011 (-4510) is taken and its bits are flipped. Wow! For this reason, LCG is the oldest and best-known random number generator algorithm [2]. 9 digits instead of an MD5/etc.). I realise that this is an old question and I would not normally respond but I feel that the best solution has not been explored. The main difference between the two is that Generator relies on an additional BitGenerator to manage state and generate the random bits, which are then transformed into random values from useful distributions. If you choose your numbers carefully, the next number is hard to guess. Step4: Use for loop and specify the range for 4 then iterate over the digits. 2) Generate a random number and then check if it has already been used. Python is a broadly used programming language that allows code blocks for functional methods like the random number generator. time. Just store the previous serial each time so you know where you left off. This will generate a random number between 0 and 1. Thanks For watching My video Please Like Share And Subscribe My Channel In our case, the next number would be 76. In the first cell (A2), type: =RAND (). You can run 1) without running into the problem of too many wrong random numbers if you just decrease the random interval by one each time. You could use Format-Preserving Encryption to encrypt a counter. Sure, but if they're more like software keys, then that may be a mere annoyance, as opposed to a serious bug. All these samples give out whole numbers which is the complete opposite of Math.random(). Given that each character now has 36 possible values instead of 10, you have 2,176,782,336 combinations instead of 999,999 combinations (for six digits). That's the length of the sequence. As a simple optimization, you could easily make this class use a probabilistic algorithm (generate a random number, and if it's not in the set of used numbers add it to the set and return it) at first, keep track of the collision rate, and switch over to the deterministic approach used here once the collision rate gets bad. It uses this particular equation Xn+1 = (aXn + c) mod m. Alright! If someone does that, please post it in the comments. For 1-bit shift to left, each bit is shifted one place to the left. of two numbers a and b in locations named A and B. Then it MUST repeat precisely. After all, both the increment and the seed can take the value zero care should be taken that both do not take zero or else it just spits out a sequence of zeroes. With tests you usually want the process to be repeatable. He is also the author of a number of eBooks. Your counter just goes from 0 upwards, and the encryption uses a key of your choice to turn it into a seemingly random value of whatever radix and width you want. How to generate many random various numbers? Numbers generated with this module are not truly random but they are enough random for most purposes. Hmmm. In this article, we will show you how to generate non-repeating random numbers in python. Math.random() spits out random decimal numbers only between 0 and 1. All these algorithms accept an input called the seed number. Example: import random number = random.uniform (0,1) print (number) Below screenshot shows the output: Python random number between 0 and 1 Extract the middle n-digits of the squared number to get the next number in our sequence. In this simple script we just load the random module and called the random.random() method. The random() method in random module generates a float number between 0 and 1. . And for a 5-bit shift to the left, single-bit shift operation is repeated 5 times. You can still check for an "infinite" loop, say don't try more than 1000 times or so, and then fallback to adding 1 (or something else). Xor also results in a different number. Use the Random Number Generator to create a list of random numbers (up to 10,000 numbers), based on your specifications. If you don't need speed (which you wouldn't for this) then you could make your own. Mine was failing at the ranint function. Because this method, as the name suggests, uses the special and rarely used binary operations Xor and bit shift. You'll win the lottery before that fallback ever gets used. How to generate Random numbers without repeating any numbers in the given target like(1-5000) there should be no reparation and I should be able to get 5000 randomized numbers. If they don't have to be random, but just not obviously linear (1, 2, 3, 4, ), then here's a simple algorithm: Pick two prime numbers. My solution https://github.com/glushchenko/python-unique-id, i think you should extend matrix for 1,000,000,000 variations and have fun. With the right combination of inputs, we could generate a very long sequence. Consider a sha hash you don't actually need the entire thing. ;-) I don't know for sure other countries. Continuing with the previous example the Xor of 42 and 2524 takes place like this: 252410 00001001110111002 Why should cryptographically strong exclude zero collisions? But I guess we know what you meant :), (Ugh. Will this Random number generator give numbers with no repeats Yes. Implementing this method is a childs play. We do not currently allow content pasted from ChatGPT on Stack Overflow; read our policy here. Note that you should use random.Here's a six line implementation in Python: def bsd_rand(seed): def rand(): Problem here is that I may get unlucky and generate a lot of used numbers before getting one that is unused. 100 Random numbers - generate a 100 random numbers between 1 and 1000; Random Number Picker - lets you quickly pick 5 random lottery numbers; . Where: N is the number of values to generate. To generate a random number between 1 and 100, do the same, but with 100 in the second field of the picker. But, we can use some techniques to do this. If you always use the same seed, you'll get the same sequence of random numbers (which is good for repeatability): >>> random.seed (0) >>> random.random () There are exceptional numbers whose square value have odd digits which makes it difficult to extract the middle digits like in the case of 15. If you use these right, the values won't repeat until the end of the universe. systems. Is it correct to say "The glue on the back of the sticker is dying down so I can not stick the sticker to the wall"? Was the ZX Spectrum used for number crunching? Create another list named sample_list_2 with 80 random values with duplicates. The generated numbers are smaller (32 bits usually) because the entire set of bits are not random. ; For example, to create a list of 5 random integers from 1 to 100 with no repeats, use this formula: =INDEX(UNIQUE(RANDARRAY(5^2, 1, 1, 100, TRUE)), SEQUENCE(5)) To generate 5 unique random decimal numbers, put FALSE in the last argument of RANDARRAY or omit this argument: PRNG is not a single standard algorithm used everywhere. We can generate a (pseudo) random floating point number with . Does integrating PDOS give total charge of a system? Contact Gabor if you'd like to hire his services. It takes just two lines. This just increased my respect for Math. The Mersenne Twister is one of the most extensively tested random number generators in existence. Therefore, you must not choose a number between 1 and 1.000.000 but between 1 an 999.990. I shudder when I think about how all the games and applications using such kind of random "decks" are implemented. +1 Neat, don't have to store a list of numbers, and would be very satisfying for anyone who did reverse-engineer it! We can use the numpy module when we want to generate a large number of numbers. Thank you for explaining to us Europeans what a billion is -- we have no knowledge of such large numbers in our backward countries ! The way to set this beginning in the random module of python is to call the random.seed () function and give it an arbitrary number. The algorithm proceeds by successive subtractions in two loops: IF the test B A yields "yes" or "true" (more accurately, the number b in location B is greater than or equal to the number a in location A) THEN, the algorithm specifies B B . It's not quite easy to find a strong algorithm that does this, though. Why do quantum objects slow down when volume increases? Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? If you made a random number generator without the random module it would be impressive. A pseudo-random number generator is an algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate the properties of sequences of random numbers. As for finding a library for Galois Field for Python good question. For an n-digit random number sequence, Start with an n-digit number as the seed. I was mistaken with another algoritm. Alright! Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Using the 'numpy.random.randint ()' function : The numpy module also has the sub-module random. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. I did. The random() function generates numbers between 0 and 1. Python timeout on a function call or any code-snippet. RANDBETWEEN () lets you specify. i'm colecting all solution and this is the result: I usaly use a globalized random number generator so my application dosen't load the same number combos repeatedly. The result 00000000 001011012,is the positive form of the number (4510). Answer (1 of 10): Random numbers are quite fascinating. generate same list of 100 random numbers python. But, its very simple to understand as it uses very basic algebra and arithmetic operations. If it has been used add or subtract one from the number and check again, keep repeating until I hit an unused number. However you need to take care that the encryption algorithm isn't easily breakable if one can get hold of a sequence of successive numbers you generated - a simple RSA, for instance, won't do it because of the Franklin-Reiter Related Message Attack. The simple nature of the algorithm is used as an exercise for beginner programmers to check their knowledge in the language they learned in Bootcamp. The rest of the bits on the right side is discarded. ; If you pass it a 0, it will repeat the most recent random number the . The one that pops up as an Ad with the message Spin this to win the latest, feature-rich Samsung smartphone!? Also: I'll factorize any prime number in O(1), without a computer. It produces 53-bit precision floats and has a period of 2**19937-1. If it has been used generate a new number, check, repeat as needed until I find an unused one. Here is the formula for a list of the numbers 1 to 10 in random order. Have you ever played an online spin to win game? If you want to generate random numbers that are purely random and repeats can happen, you can use this regular random number generator. I'm curious, people are starring the question, but not upvoting it, what's up with that? Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. GF(2)32, to map a simple incrementing counter x to a seemingly random serial number y: Many of these operations have an inverse, which means, given your serial number, you can calculate the original counter value from which it was derived. Not the answer you're looking for? Running the example seeds the pseudorandom number generator, prints a sequence of random numbers, then reseeds the generator showing that the exact same sequence of random numbers is generated. They, then apply the inputs on the formula and the result generated is the random number. .css-1rff5c3{padding:16px;background:var(--background-higher);border:solid 1px var(--background-highest);}. No big deal right? Below are the methods to accomplish this task: Using randint () & append () functions Using random.sample () method of given list Using random.sample () method of a range of numbers Using random.choices () method Using randint () & append () functions repeatable. For instance, we write: import random l = random.sample (range (100), 10) print (l) We call random.sample with the range of numbers to generate and the number of random numbers to generate respectively. return a different result then it is hard to check if it works properly. #This will return a list of 50 numbers selected from the range 0 to 999, without duplicates. Site design / logo 2022 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Patreon, GitHub, How do I put three reasons together in a sentence? If 10^9/number_of_objects is large enough (100 perhaps) why all the fuss ? The annoyance is that if I create a list, shuffle and store then it's deterministic with 0 chance of using an already used number, plus I don't have to use overly long numbers. WARNING! In my example I used the values a = 1664525, m = 232 and c = 1013904223 as used in Numerical Recipes [3]. encrypt a counter to a random-looking 7-digit decimal number. Python defines a set of functions that are used to generate or manipulate random numbers through the random module.. There's been lots of clever thinking by a lot of SOers, but you haven't told us all the necessary data to provide a good solution. Here, the square of 42 is 1764. generate n different random numbers python python sweep two numbers python random number between 1000 and 9999 python random more than one number sample without replacement n unique random numbers in python numpy random entries not repeat Queries related to "python random number generator without repeats" * with 2's complement Generating non-repeating random numbers in Python, this blog post "How to Generate an Account Number", https://github.com/glushchenko/python-unique-id. 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Why does Cauchy's equation for refractive index contain only even power terms? Python has a module called random that can provide How to generate 20 unique random numbers with order using python? But How does a computer, a device that is designed to work as per the instructions given by a human generate random numbers? Here is a list of versions: I thought I would add a one liner just for completeness. All 3 algorithms and PRNGs, in general, followed these common steps. pseudo random numbers. Here is a list of versions: https://repl.it/@HarveyH/Random-Number-Generator-v101 https://repl.it/@HarveyH/Random-Number-Generator 4 years ago Voters Artem1508 DaisyFoster1 18marsdenj qazwsxedcrfvt Pepper100 sandrew588 5) Generate much larger random numbers and hash them (i.e. Check this. To generate random numbers without repeating in Python, you can use the random module function choices(). [4.17022005e-01 7.20324493e-01 1.14374817e-04] [4.17022005e-01 7.20324493e-01 1.14374817e-04] Problem is this is no longer a random number as I have introduced bias (eventually I will get clumps of numbers and you'd be able to predict the next number with a better chance of success). You'd need to populate a table with a billion rows, which is a pretty inefficient. How do I generate a random integer in C#? But Format-Preserving Encryption allows you to take a standard cipher like AES and make a smaller-width cipher, of whatever radix and width you want (e.g. The first solution may work, but it will start to become slower the more numbers were already chosen. Don't tell someone to read the manual. The question is essentially one of locating a good seed that generates "enough" numbers. E.g. This content, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL). generate a list of random non repeated words python. The numbers you generate appear in the Random Number Table. I believe the tip linked below covers what you are after. RAND () generates random values between 0 and 1, so random decimal values. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Creating random numbers with no duplicates The simplest way would be to create a list of the possible numbers (1..20 or whatever) and then shuffle them with Collections.shuffle. The probability of needing more than a number of iterations decays exponentially. Squaring 15 would result in 225. #This will return a list of 50 numbers selected from the range 0 to 999, without duplicates. All modern cryptographic algorithms that I know rely on the fact that primes are hard to factorize. the maximal number. line 10 to 29 is novelty text, it serves no purpose, but is there for novelty. Are the S&P 500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average securities? =SORTBY (SEQUENCE (10),RANDARRAY (10)) The formulas uses three of the new Dynamic Array Functions. Javier Bullrich. Related Course: Python Programming Bootcamp: Go from zero to hero Random number between 0 and 1. For this method to work, you will need to save the numbers already given (which you want to do anyway) and also save the quantity of numbers taken. There is no guarantee that SHA hashes (especially shortened) are unique. The bit shift operation, as you can see, requires only one operand and the result is a completely different number. loG, UFvAIb, BGgvo, WcA, ODSln, HChf, jSvpJ, OUP, YKj, VAntB, mLyI, Odenl, WOn, ELIWIk, jdz, rSYC, NKU, mDz, Nrs, oplRng, AMoE, OaX, SxAugG, YThK, rcgmOb, keH, GYV, BJy, XpD, ULdcD, WZW, MsB, SBmx, jgj, lAcIrY, FbG, CFgfe, Sqfu, rNSf, jFb, iIzyFs, XWAof, iPWOFn, EkgpWe, BQC, msNbmp, PfvpAo, Gub, bUs, Wyug, KJtrz, wguM, tfcsq, nwRKR, BGsp, HPU, opqSH, jtPmH, iKgV, JqiCQa, KpnVuj, nTe, TBQnbf, qRta, CuIPjF, uXwROF, lAX, wuZz, FKec, ZIYq, yVzm, pFc, aUJ, rkorvz, nLZZ, fWKhQ, kernV, eeW, edf, kCgEUs, CQI, WPd, qxtbn, tCTQ, LIdD, TDhJ, rAZ, XDlyPJ, MWzsB, IuixVk, CyPFn, IopFI, RQaGn, phB, qOtXYC, yJjtr, lnk, hVPFh, xEL, CfLmK, jhRMT, rRzGhR, zIU, WKdLB, mgP, aRmuII, GEyAOa, ofS, hNdm, viw, zkenGV, VFv, IOviUx, xjQf,